Knowledge Hub
Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community
Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.
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Low Temperature Soldering: Thermal Cycling Reliability Performance
The technical and economic benefits derived from lowering the reflow temperatures have motivated the evaluation of new Sn-Bi low temperature alloys for soldering. Eutectic Sn-Bi alloy is usu
.. read more
Lead-Free, Low-Temperature Solder Paste for Drop Shock Critical Applications
The 2017 International Electronics Manufacturing Initiatives (iNEMI) Board and Assembly Roadmap had forecast a 20% adoption rate of low-temperature solders (LTS) for board assembly by 2027.
.. read more
An Overview of Revision B of GEIA-STD-0005-1
In 2017, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) G-24 committee approved revision activity for GEIA-STD-0005-1A, “Standard for Managing the Risks of Pb-free Solders and Finishes in ADHP El
.. read more
FIDES Reliability: New Approach to the ‘Process Factor’ During Product Development
The FIDES guide 2009 (Edition A) proposes a methodology for the reliability assessment of electronic to evaluate and control product reliability progress throughout life cycle. The reliabili
.. read more
A Novel Bi-Free Low Temperature Solder Paste with Outstanding Drop Shock Resistance
DurafuseTM LT paste was designed as an alternative low temperature solder targeting at enabling hierarchy design for portable devices with good temperature cycling and superior drop-shock pe
.. read more
FIDES, Reliability Assessment of Electronics: A New Approach to the LeadFree Process Factor
The reliability control in airborne electronics products is essential due to safety and business reasons. As users do not have confidence in raw results provided by previous reliability pred
.. read more
The Role of Organic Amines in Soldering Materials
The transition from eutectic tin-lead to lead-free soldering in electronic assembly,mandatedby the RoHS legislation, has brought great pressure and challenge to solder mater
.. read more
Assembly Process Feasibility of Low/No Silver Alloy Solder Paste Materials
Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) is the most popular near eutectic lead-free alloy used in the manufacturing processes. Over the last several years,the price of silver has dramatically increased driving a
.. read more
Advanced Through-Hole Rework of Thermally Challenging Components/Assemblies: An Evolutionary Process
Although the vast majority of electronic equipment has made the transition to lead-free without significant issue,some market segments still utilize tin-lead solder. The European Union’s RoHS l
.. read more
Influence of Microstructure on Mechanical Behavior of Bi-Containing Pb-Free Solders
SAC-Bi and Sn-Ag-Bi alloys have demonstrated superior performance in thermal cycling reliability tests of printed circuit boards,such as the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences programs
.. read more
Grain Refinement for Improved Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability
The very small solder joints that now account for an increasing proportion of the connections on which modern electronics depends are typically made up of only a few grains,sometimes only a sin
.. read more
The Last Will and Testaments of Tin/Lead and Lead-free BGA Voids
Conclusions:
•Tin/Lead BGAs: The location of the void within the solder joint was the primary root cause for the loss of solder joint integrity.
•Lead-free BGAs: The statistical analysis and th
.. read more
Mixed Metals Impact on Reliability
With the adoption of RoHS and implementation of Lead Free solders a major concern is how this will impact reliability. Both commercial and military hardware are impacted by this change even tho
.. read more
Testing Intermetallic Fragility on Enig upon Addition of Limitless Cu
As reliability requirements increase,especially for defense and aerospace applications,the need to characterize components used in electronic assembly also increases. OEM and EMS companies look
.. read more
Lead Free Die Attach Technology for High Power Applications
TLPS materials are an attractive alternative to PbSn for IC power device packaging. They provide a low VOC composition,lead free die attach solution that meets the RoHS guidelines. TLPS materia
.. read more
Evaluation of Laminates in Pb-free HASL Process and Pb-free Assembly Environment
An evaluation of four FR4 laminates in commonly used stack-ups was done to determine their survivability for the Pb-free HASL process followed by a worst case Pb-free manufacturing environment
.. read more
An Investigation into Low Temperature Tin-Bismuth and Tin-Bismuth-Silver Lead-Free Alloy Solder Pastes for Electronics Manufacturing Applications
The electronics industry has mainly adopted the higher melting point Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder alloys for lead-free reflow soldering applications. For applications where temperature sensitive component
.. read more
Pb-Free Selective Wave Solder Guidelines for Thermally Challenging PCBs
As the use of lead-free alloys has increased in electronic assemblies,much work has been done to develop Design for Manufacturability (DFM) guidelines for the new materials. However,there are s
.. read more
Application of the Advanced Activator Technology on Halogen-Free Lead-Free Solder Paste Development
The Surface Mount Technology (SMT) industry has been faced with several challenges in the past decades. Two of the most recent ones are RoHS compliant lead-free assembly and the adoption of fin
.. read more
The Application of Spherical Bend Testing to Predict Safe Working Manufacturing Process Strains
The increased temperatures associated with lead free processes have produced significant challenges for PWB laminates.
Newly developed laminates have different curing processes,are commonly fil
.. read more
The Relationship between Backward Compatible Assembly and Microstructure on the Thermal Fatigue Reliability of an Extremely Large Ball Grid Array
Accelerated temperature cycling was used to evaluate the thermal fatigue reliability for the case of backward compatible
assembly (mixed alloy,Pb-free BGA/SnPb paste) of a 3162 pin count,extrem
.. read more
Reliability of BGA Solder Joints after Re-Balling Process
Due to the obsolescence of SnPb BGA components,electronics manufacturers that use SnPb solder paste either have to use
lead-free BGAs and adjust the reflow process or re-ball these components w
.. read more
Printable Materials and Devices
Printing technologies provide a simple solution to build electronic circuits on low cost flexible substrates. Materials will play an important role for developing advanced printable technology.
.. read more
Use of the IPC Solder Spread Coupon to Evaluate Pb-Free Solder Pastes and PCB Surface Finishes
Continental is using the IPC solder spread coupon (adopted from NPL) to evaluate Pb-free solder pastes and PCB surface finishes for Solderability. This presentation will compare and contrast so
.. read more
Analytical Procedures for Portable Lead-Free Alloy Test Data: State of Merge of iNEMI and SPVC Documents
The IPC Solder Products Value Council,in cooperation with iNEMI and a group of industry experts,has developed a protocol for testing the physical properties of lead free solder alloys. This pre
.. read more
Low Silver Solder Alloys with Good Drop Shock and Thermal Cycle Reliability
SAC105 was shown to have better drop shock reliability than SAC305 however SAC105 thermal cycle performance was not necessarily as good at SAC305. Small quantities (0.1% or so) of some elements
.. read more
Identifying Reliable Applications for the Tin-Zinc Eutectic in Electrical and Electronic Assemblies
With a melting point of 199°C,about 20°C lower than the liquidus temperature of SAC305 the Sn-Zn eutectic (Sn~9% Zn) appears to be an attractive candidate as a Pb-free solder. With,at July 2010
.. read more
HDPUG Pb-Free Board Materials Reliability Project 2 Moisture Sensitivity and Its Effect on Delamination
As part of High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) Pb-Free Board Materials Reliability Project 2,the moisture sensitivity of various lead-free laminates and the effect of moisture uptake on
.. read more
Mitigating Head-in-Pillow Defects: An Experimental Approach to Identify No-Clean Soldering Materials
•Overview
•Test Method Considerations
•Proposed Test Methodology
•PCB,Stencil & Part Information
•Pick-up Adapter Design
•Test Setup Overview
•Head-in-Pillow Defect Detection
•Test Parameters
•
.. read more
IPC Tutorial Topic 3: Evaluation of No-clean Pb-free Halogen-free Solder Pastes That Can Effectively Mitigate Head-in-Pillow Defects and Have Good...
•Background and Objective
•Head-in-Pillow (HiP) Defect
•In Circuit Test (ICT) Testability
•Evaluation Steps
- Solder Paste Selection
- Head-in-Pillow Test
- Printability & Solderability Test
.. read more
Low Temperature Soldering: Thermal Cycling Reliability Performance
The technical and economic benefits derived from lowering the reflow temperatures have motivated the evaluation of new Sn-Bi low temperature alloys for soldering. Eutectic Sn-Bi alloy is usu
.. read more
Lead-Free, Low-Temperature Solder Paste for Drop Shock Critical Applications
The 2017 International Electronics Manufacturing Initiatives (iNEMI) Board and Assembly Roadmap had forecast a 20% adoption rate of low-temperature solders (LTS) for board assembly by 2027.
.. read more
An Overview of Revision B of GEIA-STD-0005-1
In 2017, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) G-24 committee approved revision activity for GEIA-STD-0005-1A, “Standard for Managing the Risks of Pb-free Solders and Finishes in ADHP El
.. read more
FIDES Reliability: New Approach to the ‘Process Factor’ During Product Development
The FIDES guide 2009 (Edition A) proposes a methodology for the reliability assessment of electronic to evaluate and control product reliability progress throughout life cycle. The reliabili
.. read more
A Novel Bi-Free Low Temperature Solder Paste with Outstanding Drop Shock Resistance
DurafuseTM LT paste was designed as an alternative low temperature solder targeting at enabling hierarchy design for portable devices with good temperature cycling and superior drop-shock pe
.. read more
FIDES, Reliability Assessment of Electronics: A New Approach to the LeadFree Process Factor
The reliability control in airborne electronics products is essential due to safety and business reasons. As users do not have confidence in raw results provided by previous reliability pred
.. read more
The Role of Organic Amines in Soldering Materials
The transition from eutectic tin-lead to lead-free soldering in electronic assembly,mandatedby the RoHS legislation, has brought great pressure and challenge to solder mater
.. read more
Assembly Process Feasibility of Low/No Silver Alloy Solder Paste Materials
Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) is the most popular near eutectic lead-free alloy used in the manufacturing processes. Over the last several years,the price of silver has dramatically increased driving a
.. read more
Advanced Through-Hole Rework of Thermally Challenging Components/Assemblies: An Evolutionary Process
Although the vast majority of electronic equipment has made the transition to lead-free without significant issue,some market segments still utilize tin-lead solder. The European Union’s RoHS l
.. read more
Influence of Microstructure on Mechanical Behavior of Bi-Containing Pb-Free Solders
SAC-Bi and Sn-Ag-Bi alloys have demonstrated superior performance in thermal cycling reliability tests of printed circuit boards,such as the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences programs
.. read more
Grain Refinement for Improved Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability
The very small solder joints that now account for an increasing proportion of the connections on which modern electronics depends are typically made up of only a few grains,sometimes only a sin
.. read more
The Last Will and Testaments of Tin/Lead and Lead-free BGA Voids
Conclusions:
•Tin/Lead BGAs: The location of the void within the solder joint was the primary root cause for the loss of solder joint integrity.
•Lead-free BGAs: The statistical analysis and th
.. read more
Mixed Metals Impact on Reliability
With the adoption of RoHS and implementation of Lead Free solders a major concern is how this will impact reliability. Both commercial and military hardware are impacted by this change even tho
.. read more
Testing Intermetallic Fragility on Enig upon Addition of Limitless Cu
As reliability requirements increase,especially for defense and aerospace applications,the need to characterize components used in electronic assembly also increases. OEM and EMS companies look
.. read more
Lead Free Die Attach Technology for High Power Applications
TLPS materials are an attractive alternative to PbSn for IC power device packaging. They provide a low VOC composition,lead free die attach solution that meets the RoHS guidelines. TLPS materia
.. read more
Evaluation of Laminates in Pb-free HASL Process and Pb-free Assembly Environment
An evaluation of four FR4 laminates in commonly used stack-ups was done to determine their survivability for the Pb-free HASL process followed by a worst case Pb-free manufacturing environment
.. read more
An Investigation into Low Temperature Tin-Bismuth and Tin-Bismuth-Silver Lead-Free Alloy Solder Pastes for Electronics Manufacturing Applications
The electronics industry has mainly adopted the higher melting point Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder alloys for lead-free reflow soldering applications. For applications where temperature sensitive component
.. read more
Pb-Free Selective Wave Solder Guidelines for Thermally Challenging PCBs
As the use of lead-free alloys has increased in electronic assemblies,much work has been done to develop Design for Manufacturability (DFM) guidelines for the new materials. However,there are s
.. read more
Application of the Advanced Activator Technology on Halogen-Free Lead-Free Solder Paste Development
The Surface Mount Technology (SMT) industry has been faced with several challenges in the past decades. Two of the most recent ones are RoHS compliant lead-free assembly and the adoption of fin
.. read more
The Application of Spherical Bend Testing to Predict Safe Working Manufacturing Process Strains
The increased temperatures associated with lead free processes have produced significant challenges for PWB laminates.
Newly developed laminates have different curing processes,are commonly fil
.. read more
The Relationship between Backward Compatible Assembly and Microstructure on the Thermal Fatigue Reliability of an Extremely Large Ball Grid Array
Accelerated temperature cycling was used to evaluate the thermal fatigue reliability for the case of backward compatible
assembly (mixed alloy,Pb-free BGA/SnPb paste) of a 3162 pin count,extrem
.. read more
Reliability of BGA Solder Joints after Re-Balling Process
Due to the obsolescence of SnPb BGA components,electronics manufacturers that use SnPb solder paste either have to use
lead-free BGAs and adjust the reflow process or re-ball these components w
.. read more
Printable Materials and Devices
Printing technologies provide a simple solution to build electronic circuits on low cost flexible substrates. Materials will play an important role for developing advanced printable technology.
.. read more
Use of the IPC Solder Spread Coupon to Evaluate Pb-Free Solder Pastes and PCB Surface Finishes
Continental is using the IPC solder spread coupon (adopted from NPL) to evaluate Pb-free solder pastes and PCB surface finishes for Solderability. This presentation will compare and contrast so
.. read more
Analytical Procedures for Portable Lead-Free Alloy Test Data: State of Merge of iNEMI and SPVC Documents
The IPC Solder Products Value Council,in cooperation with iNEMI and a group of industry experts,has developed a protocol for testing the physical properties of lead free solder alloys. This pre
.. read more
Low Silver Solder Alloys with Good Drop Shock and Thermal Cycle Reliability
SAC105 was shown to have better drop shock reliability than SAC305 however SAC105 thermal cycle performance was not necessarily as good at SAC305. Small quantities (0.1% or so) of some elements
.. read more
Identifying Reliable Applications for the Tin-Zinc Eutectic in Electrical and Electronic Assemblies
With a melting point of 199°C,about 20°C lower than the liquidus temperature of SAC305 the Sn-Zn eutectic (Sn~9% Zn) appears to be an attractive candidate as a Pb-free solder. With,at July 2010
.. read more
HDPUG Pb-Free Board Materials Reliability Project 2 Moisture Sensitivity and Its Effect on Delamination
As part of High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) Pb-Free Board Materials Reliability Project 2,the moisture sensitivity of various lead-free laminates and the effect of moisture uptake on
.. read more
Mitigating Head-in-Pillow Defects: An Experimental Approach to Identify No-Clean Soldering Materials
•Overview
•Test Method Considerations
•Proposed Test Methodology
•PCB,Stencil & Part Information
•Pick-up Adapter Design
•Test Setup Overview
•Head-in-Pillow Defect Detection
•Test Parameters
•
.. read more
IPC Tutorial Topic 3: Evaluation of No-clean Pb-free Halogen-free Solder Pastes That Can Effectively Mitigate Head-in-Pillow Defects and Have Good...
•Background and Objective
•Head-in-Pillow (HiP) Defect
•In Circuit Test (ICT) Testability
•Evaluation Steps
- Solder Paste Selection
- Head-in-Pillow Test
- Printability & Solderability Test
.. read more