Knowledge Hub
Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community
Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.
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Effect of Aging on BGA Solder Strengths & Thermal Cycles for Low Temperature Hybrid Assembly
This paper presents two key aspects of reliability of ball grid array (BGA) technologies: one aspect for high-reliability and the other for commercial applications. For high reliability, it
.. read more
Electroless Palladium Plating – Correlating Plating Solution and Deposit Properties
Electroless palladium plating has been present in the PCB industry for over 20 years providing highly reliable finishes for high end applications in combination with nickel and gold plating.
.. read more
Board Thickness Effect on Accelerated Thermal Cycle Reliability
This paper compares the thermal cycling performance of a quad flat no-lead (QFN) component and three different ball grid array (BGA) components assembled onto printed circuit board test vehi
.. read more
Surviving 3K Thermal Cycles with Variable Void Levels
Electronics manufacturers are searching for new lead-free solders that can improve upon SAC305 voiding performance and that exceed the current thermal cycle performance of this solder in harsh
.. read more
A Control-Chart Based Method for Solder Joint Crack Detection
Many researchers have used different failure criteria in the published solder joint reliability studies. Since the reported timeto-
failure would be different if different failure criteria were
.. read more
Rework and Reliability of High I/O Column Grid Array Assemblies
Commercial-off-the-shelf column grid array packaging (COTS CGA) technologies in high reliability versions are now being considered for use in a number of National Aeronautics and Space Administ
.. read more
A Plasma Deposited Surface Finish for Printed Circuit Boards
This paper will discuss a new approach to the final finishing for the PCB industry which is based on the use of an ultra-thin
fluoropolymer film as a protective coating to preserve solderabilit
.. read more
Progress in Developing Industry Standard Test Requirements for Pb-Free Solder Alloys
Recently,the industry has seen the development of a wide range of new Pb-free alloys. A significant element of uncertainty within the industry regarding these new alloys is the lack of defined
.. read more
Effects of Tin Mitigation Processes on Whisker Growth and Solder Joint Reliability for Chip and Small-Outline Package Components
This paper reports the results of an evaluation of tin mitigation processes for components,i.e. converting parts with pure tin (Sn) and other lead-free (Pb-free) finishes to tin-lead (SnPb) fin
.. read more
Printed Circuit Board Reliability and Integrity Characterization Using MAJIC
The recent need to develop lead-free electrical and electronic products has resulted in an increased demand to characterize
solder joint integrity. Many standards exist to evaluate the long ter
.. read more
The New Lead Free Assembly Rework Solution Using Low Melting Alloys
This paper describes a new lead-free SMT rework process which avoids component overheating,reduces board warpage and cratering,and prevents adjacent components from thermal damage. In the repla
.. read more
Lead Free Assembly Qualification of ALIVH Boards
The migration to lead free reflow is bringing many challenges for the PCB industry. High Tg laminates,stability of materials thru 2X reflows,rework,moisture sensitivity etc. This requires caref
.. read more
JCAA/JG-PP Lead Free Solder Project: Combined Solder Project: Combined Environments Test
A combined environment testing was conducted for the Joint Council on Aging Aircraft/Joint Group on Pollution Prevention
Lead free Solder project. The purpose of the project was to validate and
.. read more
Effect of Voiding on Solder Joint Shock and Thermal Cycle Reliability
Solder joint void has been considered a typical phenomenon in electronics assembly. Voids are caused by entrapped gases
produced during flux volatilization during SMT,air entrapment in plated t
.. read more
IMC Growth Study on Ni-P/Pd/Au Film and Ni-P/Au Film Using Sn/Ag/Cu Lead Free Solder
The surface finishes Ni-P/Pd/Au (hereafter referred to ENEPIG) and Ni-P/Au (hereafter referred to ENIG) were
prepared on ball grid array (BGA) circuit boards by electroless/immersion plating me
.. read more
Impact of Lead Contamination on Reliability of Lead Free Alloys
Meeting the RoHS directive will require the transition from the historical tin-lead based system of materials to one that
does not contain lead. This is of course is not straight forward as it
.. read more
Reliability Tests of Lead Free Solder Joints
Reliability of RoHS compliant products is investigated in this study. Emphasis is placed on the lead free solder joint
reliability. Solder is the electrical and mechanical “glue” of electronics
.. read more
Lead Free Soldering and Environmental Compliance: Supply Chain Readiness & Challenges
Supply chain readiness and compatibility are critical to a smooth transition to environmental compliance for the worldwide
electronics industry. This paper reviews the status of Lead Free solde
.. read more
Lead Free Assembly Qualification of Stacked MicroVia Boards
Beginning July 2006,the electronic industry will enter the age of lead –free assembly and products in Europe. The removal
of lead from electronics brings massive changes for all companies in th
.. read more
Enabling Ultra-Fine Pitch Packages: Soldermask Patterning using Laser Ablation
The trend towards tighter pitch,smaller features,and shrinking pad sizes have put a strain on the standard photolithographic
processes for soldermask patterning on substrate packaging and rigid
.. read more
Characterization,Reproduction,and Resolution of Solder Joint Microvoiding
Microvoids are tiny voids in solder joints and differ from the more well known solder joint voiding in their individual size
and location. The microvoids discussed herein are described as an ab
.. read more
Perspectives on Repaired Lead-Free Solder Joints
The use of lead-free (LF) solders as a replacement for traditional tin-lead (SnPb) solders in military and high reliability
applications has a number of technical challenges unique to the indus
.. read more
Lead Free Conversion Analysis for Multiple PWB/Component Materials and Finishes using Quality and Reliability Testing
The world-wide movement to phase out lead from electronic products presents many challenges for companies throughout
the electronics supply chain. The University of Massachusetts Lowell has bro
.. read more
Mechanical Bending Technique for Determining CSP Design and Assembly Weaknesses
A cyclic board-bending technique has been developed to ensure a reproducible multiaxial stress state at the Chip
Size Package (CSP) solder fillet. Mechanically stressing the package serves as a
.. read more
Qualification of Stacked Microvia Boards for Handset Assembly
The trends of increased functionality and reduced size of portable wireless products,such as handsets and PDAs,are
demanding increased routing densities for printed circuit boards. The handheld
.. read more
Liquid Solders for High Temperature Solder Joints
This paper presents a new joining technology for high-temperature application of solder joints,based on the results of the
joint research project "TLSD". By the use of temporary liquid solder j
.. read more
Lead-Free and Mixed Assembly Solder Joint Reliability Trends
This paper presents a quantitative analysis of solder joint reliability data for lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) and mixed assembly
(SnPb + SAC) circuit boards based on an extensive,but non-exhaustive
.. read more
The Effect of Via-in-Pad Via-Fill on Solder Joint Void Formation
Fabricators,and the copper plating process they choose,can have considerable influence on their customers' solder joint
reliability. In the case of high density assemblies,via-in-pad designs of
.. read more
Capabilities of Tools Used to Measure Voids to Industry Standards
It is stated that some degree of voiding is acceptable and inevitable when soldering electronic components,and
specifically BGAs. There have been many publications which discuss this phenomena,
.. read more
Solder Joint Thermal Fatigue Damage Evaluation by a Simplified Method
In the present study,a simplified analysis methodology is used to evaluate thermal fatigue damage of solder joints of
a leadless ceramic chip carrier (LCCC) or a leadless chip capacitor/resisto
.. read more
Effect of Aging on BGA Solder Strengths & Thermal Cycles for Low Temperature Hybrid Assembly
This paper presents two key aspects of reliability of ball grid array (BGA) technologies: one aspect for high-reliability and the other for commercial applications. For high reliability, it
.. read more
Electroless Palladium Plating – Correlating Plating Solution and Deposit Properties
Electroless palladium plating has been present in the PCB industry for over 20 years providing highly reliable finishes for high end applications in combination with nickel and gold plating.
.. read more
Board Thickness Effect on Accelerated Thermal Cycle Reliability
This paper compares the thermal cycling performance of a quad flat no-lead (QFN) component and three different ball grid array (BGA) components assembled onto printed circuit board test vehi
.. read more
Surviving 3K Thermal Cycles with Variable Void Levels
Electronics manufacturers are searching for new lead-free solders that can improve upon SAC305 voiding performance and that exceed the current thermal cycle performance of this solder in harsh
.. read more
A Control-Chart Based Method for Solder Joint Crack Detection
Many researchers have used different failure criteria in the published solder joint reliability studies. Since the reported timeto-
failure would be different if different failure criteria were
.. read more
Rework and Reliability of High I/O Column Grid Array Assemblies
Commercial-off-the-shelf column grid array packaging (COTS CGA) technologies in high reliability versions are now being considered for use in a number of National Aeronautics and Space Administ
.. read more
A Plasma Deposited Surface Finish for Printed Circuit Boards
This paper will discuss a new approach to the final finishing for the PCB industry which is based on the use of an ultra-thin
fluoropolymer film as a protective coating to preserve solderabilit
.. read more
Progress in Developing Industry Standard Test Requirements for Pb-Free Solder Alloys
Recently,the industry has seen the development of a wide range of new Pb-free alloys. A significant element of uncertainty within the industry regarding these new alloys is the lack of defined
.. read more
Effects of Tin Mitigation Processes on Whisker Growth and Solder Joint Reliability for Chip and Small-Outline Package Components
This paper reports the results of an evaluation of tin mitigation processes for components,i.e. converting parts with pure tin (Sn) and other lead-free (Pb-free) finishes to tin-lead (SnPb) fin
.. read more
Printed Circuit Board Reliability and Integrity Characterization Using MAJIC
The recent need to develop lead-free electrical and electronic products has resulted in an increased demand to characterize
solder joint integrity. Many standards exist to evaluate the long ter
.. read more
The New Lead Free Assembly Rework Solution Using Low Melting Alloys
This paper describes a new lead-free SMT rework process which avoids component overheating,reduces board warpage and cratering,and prevents adjacent components from thermal damage. In the repla
.. read more
Lead Free Assembly Qualification of ALIVH Boards
The migration to lead free reflow is bringing many challenges for the PCB industry. High Tg laminates,stability of materials thru 2X reflows,rework,moisture sensitivity etc. This requires caref
.. read more
JCAA/JG-PP Lead Free Solder Project: Combined Solder Project: Combined Environments Test
A combined environment testing was conducted for the Joint Council on Aging Aircraft/Joint Group on Pollution Prevention
Lead free Solder project. The purpose of the project was to validate and
.. read more
Effect of Voiding on Solder Joint Shock and Thermal Cycle Reliability
Solder joint void has been considered a typical phenomenon in electronics assembly. Voids are caused by entrapped gases
produced during flux volatilization during SMT,air entrapment in plated t
.. read more
IMC Growth Study on Ni-P/Pd/Au Film and Ni-P/Au Film Using Sn/Ag/Cu Lead Free Solder
The surface finishes Ni-P/Pd/Au (hereafter referred to ENEPIG) and Ni-P/Au (hereafter referred to ENIG) were
prepared on ball grid array (BGA) circuit boards by electroless/immersion plating me
.. read more
Impact of Lead Contamination on Reliability of Lead Free Alloys
Meeting the RoHS directive will require the transition from the historical tin-lead based system of materials to one that
does not contain lead. This is of course is not straight forward as it
.. read more
Reliability Tests of Lead Free Solder Joints
Reliability of RoHS compliant products is investigated in this study. Emphasis is placed on the lead free solder joint
reliability. Solder is the electrical and mechanical “glue” of electronics
.. read more
Lead Free Soldering and Environmental Compliance: Supply Chain Readiness & Challenges
Supply chain readiness and compatibility are critical to a smooth transition to environmental compliance for the worldwide
electronics industry. This paper reviews the status of Lead Free solde
.. read more
Lead Free Assembly Qualification of Stacked MicroVia Boards
Beginning July 2006,the electronic industry will enter the age of lead –free assembly and products in Europe. The removal
of lead from electronics brings massive changes for all companies in th
.. read more
Enabling Ultra-Fine Pitch Packages: Soldermask Patterning using Laser Ablation
The trend towards tighter pitch,smaller features,and shrinking pad sizes have put a strain on the standard photolithographic
processes for soldermask patterning on substrate packaging and rigid
.. read more
Characterization,Reproduction,and Resolution of Solder Joint Microvoiding
Microvoids are tiny voids in solder joints and differ from the more well known solder joint voiding in their individual size
and location. The microvoids discussed herein are described as an ab
.. read more
Perspectives on Repaired Lead-Free Solder Joints
The use of lead-free (LF) solders as a replacement for traditional tin-lead (SnPb) solders in military and high reliability
applications has a number of technical challenges unique to the indus
.. read more
Lead Free Conversion Analysis for Multiple PWB/Component Materials and Finishes using Quality and Reliability Testing
The world-wide movement to phase out lead from electronic products presents many challenges for companies throughout
the electronics supply chain. The University of Massachusetts Lowell has bro
.. read more
Mechanical Bending Technique for Determining CSP Design and Assembly Weaknesses
A cyclic board-bending technique has been developed to ensure a reproducible multiaxial stress state at the Chip
Size Package (CSP) solder fillet. Mechanically stressing the package serves as a
.. read more
Qualification of Stacked Microvia Boards for Handset Assembly
The trends of increased functionality and reduced size of portable wireless products,such as handsets and PDAs,are
demanding increased routing densities for printed circuit boards. The handheld
.. read more
Liquid Solders for High Temperature Solder Joints
This paper presents a new joining technology for high-temperature application of solder joints,based on the results of the
joint research project "TLSD". By the use of temporary liquid solder j
.. read more
Lead-Free and Mixed Assembly Solder Joint Reliability Trends
This paper presents a quantitative analysis of solder joint reliability data for lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) and mixed assembly
(SnPb + SAC) circuit boards based on an extensive,but non-exhaustive
.. read more
The Effect of Via-in-Pad Via-Fill on Solder Joint Void Formation
Fabricators,and the copper plating process they choose,can have considerable influence on their customers' solder joint
reliability. In the case of high density assemblies,via-in-pad designs of
.. read more
Capabilities of Tools Used to Measure Voids to Industry Standards
It is stated that some degree of voiding is acceptable and inevitable when soldering electronic components,and
specifically BGAs. There have been many publications which discuss this phenomena,
.. read more
Solder Joint Thermal Fatigue Damage Evaluation by a Simplified Method
In the present study,a simplified analysis methodology is used to evaluate thermal fatigue damage of solder joints of
a leadless ceramic chip carrier (LCCC) or a leadless chip capacitor/resisto
.. read more