Knowledge Hub

Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community

Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.

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“Lessons Learned from Seven Years Experience of Lead Free Wave Soldering”

Although in Europe and North America wave soldering is widely regarded as a process that is being rendered obsolete by reflow processes the proliferation of electronic circuitry has more than c .. read more

The Effect of Filling VIA-In-Pad-On Voiding Rates in PWB Assembly for BGA Components

The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f .. read more

Lead Free Assembly Qualification of Stacked MicroVia Boards

Beginning July 2006,the electronic industry will enter the age of lead –free assembly and products in Europe. The removal of lead from electronics brings massive changes for all companies in th .. read more

Lead-Free Solder Flip Chips on FR-4 Substrates with Different Assembly Processes and Materials

This study is focused on using different assembly options such as dip fluxing,flux jetting and reflow encapsulate for 200- 250um pitch lead-free (SnAgCu) flip chips on FR4 substrates. The impac .. read more

New Concept Multi-Layer FPC “SBic” For High-Density Device Mounting

We have developed a thin,high-density device-mounting,multilayer flexible printed circuit (hereinafter flexible printed circuit is referred to as FPC) “SBic” (stands for Solder Bump Interconnec .. read more

Perspectives on Repaired Lead-Free Solder Joints

The use of lead-free (LF) solders as a replacement for traditional tin-lead (SnPb) solders in military and high reliability applications has a number of technical challenges unique to the indus .. read more

Characterization of the Thermal Stability of Electrical Laminates Suitable for Lead-Free Soldering

Lead-free soldering is expected to become the new standard in the future. Different legislations or draft directives target the restriction or the ban of the use of lead in the world. As an exa .. read more

Practical Lead-Free Implementation

Environmental regulations are forcing the elimination of lead (Pb) from electronic equipment. 2005 will be the year that many electronics assemblers will be transitioning their soldering proces .. read more

Optimization of Lead-Free Soldering Processes for Volume Manufacturing

In this paper,a comprehensive review is provided on the optimization of soldering processes (including reflow,wave soldering,and rework),for different component types,different PCB sizes and fi .. read more

Are Lead-free Assemblies Especially Endangered by Climatic Safety?

The ever-increasing use of high frequency in high density interconnect (HDI) assemblies,combined with the worldwide move toward lead-free manufacturing,has initiated a closer scrutiny towards e .. read more

Printed Circuit Board Reliability in High Temperature

This paper will demonstrate the effect high reflow temperatures in lead free processes will have on the reliability of printed circuit boards from a broad range of laminate materials for both t .. read more

Lead-Free Implementation: Drop-In Manufacturing

The Lead-free electronics manufacturing has become a reality. As of this writing,a few manufacturers have rightfully reported their total completion to Lead-free production across all facilitie .. read more

When are Conductive Adhesives an Alternative to Solder?

Conductive adhesives (CAs) have been an important problem-solving class of assembly materials for decades,but primarily as die attaches products,ever since they replaced metallurgical systems. .. read more

Lead and Lead-free Solder Project LCIA Characterization Methods

This paper describes the life-cycle impact assessment methodology developed by the University of Tennessee to calculate the impacts resulting from the use of lead and lead-free solders during t .. read more

Test and Inspection of Lead-Free Assemblies

Major industrial nations,around the world,are rapidly moving to eliminate lead from the electronic manufacturing processes. While some companies are taking advantage of the situation and are us .. read more

Erosion of Copper and Stainless Steels by Lead-Free-Solders

An issue that has emerged from the increasing use by the electronics industry of lead-free solders in mass production wave soldering is the erosion of the copper of printed circuit board patter .. read more

Effect of Transient Thermal Profiles in Wave Soldering Processes on Connector Performance

Developing lead free connector products involves at least two distinct steps: removing the lead from the product and ensuring the product has sufficient thermal stability. Lead is most commonly .. read more

Lead-Free and Mixed Assembly Solder Joint Reliability Trends

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of solder joint reliability data for lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) and mixed assembly (SnPb + SAC) circuit boards based on an extensive,but non-exhaustive .. read more

Lead Free Conversion Analysis for Multiple PWB/Component Materials and Finishes using Quality and Reliability Testing

The world-wide movement to phase out lead from electronic products presents many challenges for companies throughout the electronics supply chain. The University of Massachusetts Lowell has bro .. read more

Testing and Analysis of Surface Mounted Lead Free Soldering Materials and Processes

The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI) has sponsored a consortium of Massachusetts based corporations to investigate lead-free (Pb-free) surface mount soldering technology. The .. read more

Finally! Practical Guidelines for Achieving Successful Lead-Free Assembly

With the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive in Europe outlawing lead from many electronic devices produced and imported in the EU by July 2006,as well as with foreign co .. read more

Practical Implementation of Lead-Free Soldering The Experience of the Japanese Electronics Industry

With the US military now committed to the phasing out of lead-containing solders via the Joint Group on Pollution Prevention (JG-PP) the electronics industry has moved beyond debate about wheth .. read more

Effects of Lead-Free Surface Finishes on Press-Fit Connections

For decades,tin-lead has been used as the primary surface finish for compliant pins and plated through holes (PTH) of printed circuit board (PCB) in press-fit connections. Therefore,most test r .. read more

Reduction of Hazardous Substances vs. Recycling

Much of the environmental emphasis is currently on elimination of undesirable elements and compounds such as lead or halogens. The unintended consequences are huge in terms of diversion of reso .. read more

Lead-Free Wave Soldering – Tighter Process Windows Need Tighter Process Controls

Although wave soldering has not historically been considered a well-controlled process,its evolution over the past decade makes it a prime candidate for effective control methods. These methods .. read more

HDPUG's Lead-Free Design,Materials and Process of High Density Packages

The High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) has conducted a substantial study of solder joint reliability of high-density packages using lead-free solder. The design,material,and assembly pr .. read more

A Novel Epoxy Flux for Lead-Free Soldering

A novel liquid halide-free PK-002,epoxy flux,is reported for SnAgCu soldering,where the thermally cured flux residue is designed to provide an interference-free service performance,in addition .. read more

HDPUG's Design for Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability of High-Density Packages

The lead-free solder-joint reliability of the high-density packages,256-pin PBGA (plastic ball grid array),388-pin PBGA,and 1657-pin CCGA (ceramic column grid array),on PCB (printed circuit boa .. read more

“Lessons Learned from Seven Years Experience of Lead Free Wave Soldering”

Although in Europe and North America wave soldering is widely regarded as a process that is being rendered obsolete by reflow processes the proliferation of electronic circuitry has more than c .. read more

The Effect of Filling VIA-In-Pad-On Voiding Rates in PWB Assembly for BGA Components

The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f .. read more

Lead Free Assembly Qualification of Stacked MicroVia Boards

Beginning July 2006,the electronic industry will enter the age of lead –free assembly and products in Europe. The removal of lead from electronics brings massive changes for all companies in th .. read more

Lead-Free Solder Flip Chips on FR-4 Substrates with Different Assembly Processes and Materials

This study is focused on using different assembly options such as dip fluxing,flux jetting and reflow encapsulate for 200- 250um pitch lead-free (SnAgCu) flip chips on FR4 substrates. The impac .. read more

New Concept Multi-Layer FPC “SBic” For High-Density Device Mounting

We have developed a thin,high-density device-mounting,multilayer flexible printed circuit (hereinafter flexible printed circuit is referred to as FPC) “SBic” (stands for Solder Bump Interconnec .. read more

Perspectives on Repaired Lead-Free Solder Joints

The use of lead-free (LF) solders as a replacement for traditional tin-lead (SnPb) solders in military and high reliability applications has a number of technical challenges unique to the indus .. read more

Characterization of the Thermal Stability of Electrical Laminates Suitable for Lead-Free Soldering

Lead-free soldering is expected to become the new standard in the future. Different legislations or draft directives target the restriction or the ban of the use of lead in the world. As an exa .. read more

Practical Lead-Free Implementation

Environmental regulations are forcing the elimination of lead (Pb) from electronic equipment. 2005 will be the year that many electronics assemblers will be transitioning their soldering proces .. read more

Optimization of Lead-Free Soldering Processes for Volume Manufacturing

In this paper,a comprehensive review is provided on the optimization of soldering processes (including reflow,wave soldering,and rework),for different component types,different PCB sizes and fi .. read more

Are Lead-free Assemblies Especially Endangered by Climatic Safety?

The ever-increasing use of high frequency in high density interconnect (HDI) assemblies,combined with the worldwide move toward lead-free manufacturing,has initiated a closer scrutiny towards e .. read more

Printed Circuit Board Reliability in High Temperature

This paper will demonstrate the effect high reflow temperatures in lead free processes will have on the reliability of printed circuit boards from a broad range of laminate materials for both t .. read more

Lead-Free Implementation: Drop-In Manufacturing

The Lead-free electronics manufacturing has become a reality. As of this writing,a few manufacturers have rightfully reported their total completion to Lead-free production across all facilitie .. read more

When are Conductive Adhesives an Alternative to Solder?

Conductive adhesives (CAs) have been an important problem-solving class of assembly materials for decades,but primarily as die attaches products,ever since they replaced metallurgical systems. .. read more

Lead and Lead-free Solder Project LCIA Characterization Methods

This paper describes the life-cycle impact assessment methodology developed by the University of Tennessee to calculate the impacts resulting from the use of lead and lead-free solders during t .. read more

Test and Inspection of Lead-Free Assemblies

Major industrial nations,around the world,are rapidly moving to eliminate lead from the electronic manufacturing processes. While some companies are taking advantage of the situation and are us .. read more

Erosion of Copper and Stainless Steels by Lead-Free-Solders

An issue that has emerged from the increasing use by the electronics industry of lead-free solders in mass production wave soldering is the erosion of the copper of printed circuit board patter .. read more

Effect of Transient Thermal Profiles in Wave Soldering Processes on Connector Performance

Developing lead free connector products involves at least two distinct steps: removing the lead from the product and ensuring the product has sufficient thermal stability. Lead is most commonly .. read more

Lead-Free and Mixed Assembly Solder Joint Reliability Trends

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of solder joint reliability data for lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) and mixed assembly (SnPb + SAC) circuit boards based on an extensive,but non-exhaustive .. read more

Lead Free Conversion Analysis for Multiple PWB/Component Materials and Finishes using Quality and Reliability Testing

The world-wide movement to phase out lead from electronic products presents many challenges for companies throughout the electronics supply chain. The University of Massachusetts Lowell has bro .. read more

Testing and Analysis of Surface Mounted Lead Free Soldering Materials and Processes

The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI) has sponsored a consortium of Massachusetts based corporations to investigate lead-free (Pb-free) surface mount soldering technology. The .. read more

Finally! Practical Guidelines for Achieving Successful Lead-Free Assembly

With the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive in Europe outlawing lead from many electronic devices produced and imported in the EU by July 2006,as well as with foreign co .. read more

Practical Implementation of Lead-Free Soldering The Experience of the Japanese Electronics Industry

With the US military now committed to the phasing out of lead-containing solders via the Joint Group on Pollution Prevention (JG-PP) the electronics industry has moved beyond debate about wheth .. read more

Effects of Lead-Free Surface Finishes on Press-Fit Connections

For decades,tin-lead has been used as the primary surface finish for compliant pins and plated through holes (PTH) of printed circuit board (PCB) in press-fit connections. Therefore,most test r .. read more

Reduction of Hazardous Substances vs. Recycling

Much of the environmental emphasis is currently on elimination of undesirable elements and compounds such as lead or halogens. The unintended consequences are huge in terms of diversion of reso .. read more

Lead-Free Wave Soldering – Tighter Process Windows Need Tighter Process Controls

Although wave soldering has not historically been considered a well-controlled process,its evolution over the past decade makes it a prime candidate for effective control methods. These methods .. read more

HDPUG's Lead-Free Design,Materials and Process of High Density Packages

The High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) has conducted a substantial study of solder joint reliability of high-density packages using lead-free solder. The design,material,and assembly pr .. read more

A Novel Epoxy Flux for Lead-Free Soldering

A novel liquid halide-free PK-002,epoxy flux,is reported for SnAgCu soldering,where the thermally cured flux residue is designed to provide an interference-free service performance,in addition .. read more

HDPUG's Design for Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability of High-Density Packages

The lead-free solder-joint reliability of the high-density packages,256-pin PBGA (plastic ball grid array),388-pin PBGA,and 1657-pin CCGA (ceramic column grid array),on PCB (printed circuit boa .. read more