Knowledge Hub

Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community

Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.

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Engineered Cleaning Fluids Designed for Batch Processing

Highly dense circuit assemblies increase the cleaning challenge. Batch cleaning equipment designs provide a small footprint,low cleaning fluid consumption,and low cost of ownership. Batch clean .. read more

Methods for Choosing a Saponifier or Surfactant for Printed Circuit Board and Stencil Cleaning Applications

This paper will discuss the technical challenges associated with the selection of chemical additive for the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) and stencil cleaning processes. The removal of .. read more

Design for Manufacturability in the Lead Free Wave Solder Process

The recent use of lead free alloys has made the wave solder process more challenging in terms of achieving acceptable solder joints for both SMT and PTH components. It has been found that the D .. read more

Effect of Design Variables on the Reliability of Lead Free Area Array Connectors

As the use of area array connectors has become more widespread in electronic assemblies,the need to evaluate their reliability has increased. There is,however,limited information on how best to .. read more

Failure Analysis of Eutectic and Pb-Free Solder Alloys after High Stress Exposure

Failure analysis was performed on fourteen thermally cycled or vibration tested PDIP components from the JCAA-JG-PP Lead-Free Joint Test Project. The components differed in component finish,sol .. read more

Broadband Printing – A Paradigm

The SMT industry is going through a challenging phase of assembling miniature components,such as micro BGA,0.3mm CSP and 01005 passives onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). This effort is primari .. read more

Effect of Contact Time on Lead-Free Wave Soldering

The increasing use of lead-free solder has introduced a new set of process parameters when setting up wave solder equipment for effective soldering. Determining the proper flow characteristics .. read more

A Study of 0201’s and Tombstoning in Lead-Free Systems,Phase II Comparison of Final Finishes and Solder Paste Formulations

Tombstoning,the phenomena where a chip component stands up on one end during the reflow cycle,is well-documented and understood in tin-lead systems. It is reported to occur more frequently in l .. read more

Effects of Tin Mitigation Processes on Whisker Growth and Solder Joint Reliability for Chip and Small-Outline Package Components

This paper reports the results of an evaluation of tin mitigation processes for components,i.e. converting parts with pure tin (Sn) and other lead-free (Pb-free) finishes to tin-lead (SnPb) fin .. read more

Implementation of Flip-Chip and Chip-Size Package Technology

As new generations of electronic products emerge they often surpass the capability of existing packaging and interconnection technology and the infrastructure needed to support newer technologi .. read more

Liquid Tin Corrosion and Lead Free Wave Soldering

Corrosion of solder pots and solder pot components in wave soldering equipment has been reduced with the introduction of corrosion resistant coatings and improved lead free solder alloys. The l .. read more

LOWERING LAYERS w/HDI for RoHS ROBUSTNESS

A perplexing challenge for RoHS compliance is adapting large,complex and thick,high-layer count multilayers to lead-free assembly. These are typically dense,complex assemblies with large BGAs a .. read more

Reflow Process Control Monitoring,and Data Logging

With the introduction of lead free electronics assembly worldwide,greater concerns are raised over factory control of materials and processes. Due to the mix of both leaded and lead free produc .. read more

Lessons Learned About Laminates during Migration to Lead-Free Soldering

This paper provides a high-level overview of many of the key lessons learned thus far in working with PCB fabricators in qualifying laminate/fabrication processes that will yield fundamental pr .. read more

Effect of OSP Chemistry on the Hole Fill Performance During Pb-free Wave Soldering

This paper analyzes the differences in plated through hole fill performance between the regular OSP and Pb-free OSP PCB surface finish chemistries in a Pb-free wave solder process. The variable .. read more

The Lead-Free Wave Solder Process and Its Effect on Laminates

The pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices to continually reduce the cost of products has continued,despite the challenges of higher cost lead-free production. In many cases assemblers .. read more

Reflow Defects with Lead-Free Soldering Moisture Sensitive Components

Soldering with lead-free solders has become an international standard. A study conducted by the Dresden Technical University and rehm Anlagenbau examines which influences various parameters hav .. read more

Describing Key Coating and Process Characteristics of a Pb-Free OSP Process

Organic Solderability Preservatives (OSP) continue to attract significant attention as circuit board final finishes. They have evolved from simple and thin benzotriazole coatings to thicker and .. read more

The Lead-Free Wave Solder Process and Its Effect on Laminates

The pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices to continually reduce the cost of products has continued,despite the challenges of higher cost lead-free production. In many cases assemblers .. read more

Lead Free Assembly Qualification of ALIVH Boards

The migration to lead free reflow is bringing many challenges for the PCB industry. High Tg laminates,stability of materials thru 2X reflows,rework,moisture sensitivity etc. This requires caref .. read more

Lead Free Processing and other Thermal Challenges for Flexible Printed Circuits

In this paper,factors that influence the ability for a flex circuit,especially a multilayer flex circuit,to survive the lead-free soldering and other thermal processes during the circuit fabric .. read more

A Method to Evaluate PCBA Suppliers’ Pb Free vs. Leaded Processes for Telecom

The purpose of this program was to evaluate the solder joint reliability,using the IPC-9701 standard as a guideline,of PCBAs that were assembled with conventional leaded and ROHS compliant lead .. read more

Large and Thick Board Lead-Free Wave Soldering Optimization

This paper presents the results of our study on the development and optimization of lead-free wave soldering process for large and thick printed circuit boards (PCB),through multiple designs of .. read more

The Whisker Growth Investigation of IC Packaging on the PC Board Assembly

The whisker concern has been greatly affecting lead free RoHS conversion confidence in the lead frame packages,particularly for high end product conversion. Although plenty of related study in .. read more

Durability of Repaired and Aged Lead-free Electronic Assemblies

The reliability of aged and repaired lead-free and mixed lead-free/lead-based solder interconnects is an important issue for electronic equipment manufacturers. As a result of the global transi .. read more

SELECTION OF WAVE SOLDERING FLUXES FOR LEAD-FREE ASSEMBLY

The process challenges of lead-free wave soldering often require the use of new flux chemistries when compared with the relatively tolerant tin-lead wave soldering process. In some cases,the fl .. read more

THE EFFECT OF FILLING VIA-IN-PAD ON VOIDING RATES IN PWB ASSEMBLY FOR BGA COMPONENTS

The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f .. read more

Durability of Repaired and Aged Lead-free Electronic Assemblies

The reliability of aged and repaired lead-free and mixed lead-free/lead-based solder interconnects is an important issue for electronic equipment manufacturers. As a result of the global transi .. read more

Flux Application for Lead-Free Wave Soldering

Lead-free wave soldering requires tighter process control than soldering with lead based alloys. A key area of the machine that impacts the ability to solder lead-free alloys without defects is .. read more

Engineered Cleaning Fluids Designed for Batch Processing

Highly dense circuit assemblies increase the cleaning challenge. Batch cleaning equipment designs provide a small footprint,low cleaning fluid consumption,and low cost of ownership. Batch clean .. read more

Methods for Choosing a Saponifier or Surfactant for Printed Circuit Board and Stencil Cleaning Applications

This paper will discuss the technical challenges associated with the selection of chemical additive for the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) and stencil cleaning processes. The removal of .. read more

Design for Manufacturability in the Lead Free Wave Solder Process

The recent use of lead free alloys has made the wave solder process more challenging in terms of achieving acceptable solder joints for both SMT and PTH components. It has been found that the D .. read more

Effect of Design Variables on the Reliability of Lead Free Area Array Connectors

As the use of area array connectors has become more widespread in electronic assemblies,the need to evaluate their reliability has increased. There is,however,limited information on how best to .. read more

Failure Analysis of Eutectic and Pb-Free Solder Alloys after High Stress Exposure

Failure analysis was performed on fourteen thermally cycled or vibration tested PDIP components from the JCAA-JG-PP Lead-Free Joint Test Project. The components differed in component finish,sol .. read more

Broadband Printing – A Paradigm

The SMT industry is going through a challenging phase of assembling miniature components,such as micro BGA,0.3mm CSP and 01005 passives onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). This effort is primari .. read more

Effect of Contact Time on Lead-Free Wave Soldering

The increasing use of lead-free solder has introduced a new set of process parameters when setting up wave solder equipment for effective soldering. Determining the proper flow characteristics .. read more

A Study of 0201’s and Tombstoning in Lead-Free Systems,Phase II Comparison of Final Finishes and Solder Paste Formulations

Tombstoning,the phenomena where a chip component stands up on one end during the reflow cycle,is well-documented and understood in tin-lead systems. It is reported to occur more frequently in l .. read more

Effects of Tin Mitigation Processes on Whisker Growth and Solder Joint Reliability for Chip and Small-Outline Package Components

This paper reports the results of an evaluation of tin mitigation processes for components,i.e. converting parts with pure tin (Sn) and other lead-free (Pb-free) finishes to tin-lead (SnPb) fin .. read more

Implementation of Flip-Chip and Chip-Size Package Technology

As new generations of electronic products emerge they often surpass the capability of existing packaging and interconnection technology and the infrastructure needed to support newer technologi .. read more

Liquid Tin Corrosion and Lead Free Wave Soldering

Corrosion of solder pots and solder pot components in wave soldering equipment has been reduced with the introduction of corrosion resistant coatings and improved lead free solder alloys. The l .. read more

LOWERING LAYERS w/HDI for RoHS ROBUSTNESS

A perplexing challenge for RoHS compliance is adapting large,complex and thick,high-layer count multilayers to lead-free assembly. These are typically dense,complex assemblies with large BGAs a .. read more

Reflow Process Control Monitoring,and Data Logging

With the introduction of lead free electronics assembly worldwide,greater concerns are raised over factory control of materials and processes. Due to the mix of both leaded and lead free produc .. read more

Lessons Learned About Laminates during Migration to Lead-Free Soldering

This paper provides a high-level overview of many of the key lessons learned thus far in working with PCB fabricators in qualifying laminate/fabrication processes that will yield fundamental pr .. read more

Effect of OSP Chemistry on the Hole Fill Performance During Pb-free Wave Soldering

This paper analyzes the differences in plated through hole fill performance between the regular OSP and Pb-free OSP PCB surface finish chemistries in a Pb-free wave solder process. The variable .. read more

The Lead-Free Wave Solder Process and Its Effect on Laminates

The pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices to continually reduce the cost of products has continued,despite the challenges of higher cost lead-free production. In many cases assemblers .. read more

Reflow Defects with Lead-Free Soldering Moisture Sensitive Components

Soldering with lead-free solders has become an international standard. A study conducted by the Dresden Technical University and rehm Anlagenbau examines which influences various parameters hav .. read more

Describing Key Coating and Process Characteristics of a Pb-Free OSP Process

Organic Solderability Preservatives (OSP) continue to attract significant attention as circuit board final finishes. They have evolved from simple and thin benzotriazole coatings to thicker and .. read more

The Lead-Free Wave Solder Process and Its Effect on Laminates

The pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices to continually reduce the cost of products has continued,despite the challenges of higher cost lead-free production. In many cases assemblers .. read more

Lead Free Assembly Qualification of ALIVH Boards

The migration to lead free reflow is bringing many challenges for the PCB industry. High Tg laminates,stability of materials thru 2X reflows,rework,moisture sensitivity etc. This requires caref .. read more

Lead Free Processing and other Thermal Challenges for Flexible Printed Circuits

In this paper,factors that influence the ability for a flex circuit,especially a multilayer flex circuit,to survive the lead-free soldering and other thermal processes during the circuit fabric .. read more

A Method to Evaluate PCBA Suppliers’ Pb Free vs. Leaded Processes for Telecom

The purpose of this program was to evaluate the solder joint reliability,using the IPC-9701 standard as a guideline,of PCBAs that were assembled with conventional leaded and ROHS compliant lead .. read more

Large and Thick Board Lead-Free Wave Soldering Optimization

This paper presents the results of our study on the development and optimization of lead-free wave soldering process for large and thick printed circuit boards (PCB),through multiple designs of .. read more

The Whisker Growth Investigation of IC Packaging on the PC Board Assembly

The whisker concern has been greatly affecting lead free RoHS conversion confidence in the lead frame packages,particularly for high end product conversion. Although plenty of related study in .. read more

Durability of Repaired and Aged Lead-free Electronic Assemblies

The reliability of aged and repaired lead-free and mixed lead-free/lead-based solder interconnects is an important issue for electronic equipment manufacturers. As a result of the global transi .. read more

SELECTION OF WAVE SOLDERING FLUXES FOR LEAD-FREE ASSEMBLY

The process challenges of lead-free wave soldering often require the use of new flux chemistries when compared with the relatively tolerant tin-lead wave soldering process. In some cases,the fl .. read more

THE EFFECT OF FILLING VIA-IN-PAD ON VOIDING RATES IN PWB ASSEMBLY FOR BGA COMPONENTS

The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f .. read more

Durability of Repaired and Aged Lead-free Electronic Assemblies

The reliability of aged and repaired lead-free and mixed lead-free/lead-based solder interconnects is an important issue for electronic equipment manufacturers. As a result of the global transi .. read more

Flux Application for Lead-Free Wave Soldering

Lead-free wave soldering requires tighter process control than soldering with lead based alloys. A key area of the machine that impacts the ability to solder lead-free alloys without defects is .. read more