Knowledge Hub
Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community
Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.
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A Study on Copper Dissolution in Liquid Lead Free Solders under Static and Dynamic Conditions
During lead-free wave soldering or rework operation for through hole components,high rate copper dissolution may occur to printed wiring boards. It is widely believed that Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) lead-f
.. read more
The Effect of Copper Plating Processes and Chemistries on Copper Dissolution
Implementation of lead-free assembly processes results in higher copper dissolution rate than traditional SnPb alloys. The rate at which copper is dissolved could be dependent on many factors,s
.. read more
A Test Methodology for Copper Dissolution in Lead-Free Alloys
Lead-free selective soldering can result in extended times at high temperatures,which in turn can result in excessive dissolution of exposed copper,such as plated through holes. This phenomenon
.. read more
Effect of Lead-free Soldering on Key Material Properties of FR-4 Printed Circuit Board Laminates
The high temperature exposures associated with lead-free soldering of printed circuit boards (PCBs) can alter the laminate
material properties thereby creating a shift in the performance and re
.. read more
Industrial Backward Solution for Lead-Free Exempted AHP* Electronic Products
Since July 1st 2006,the 2002/95/EC RoHS European directive has forced the electronic industry to switch from Tin-Lead to lead-free soldering alloys for components assembly.
Exemption domains ha
.. read more
Lead-free Feasibility Program: Assembly and Testing of a Functional Military Avionics Unit
Although the official implementation of the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive officially started on July 1,2006,a significant portion of the avionics electronics supply ch
.. read more
"Behind the Scenes" of Effective OSP Protection in Pb-free Processing
Advancements and evolutions in printed circuit board manufacturing,design,and electronics assembly have driven new research on high temperature organic solderability preservative (HT OSP) surfa
.. read more
Performing Flux-Technology for Pb-Free SN100C Solders
SN100C (Sn99Cu0.7 with Ni- and Ge-micro-additions) is a lead-free solder alloy that is finding increased acceptance globally and holds promise as a mainstream solution in terms of long-term sol
.. read more
Effect of Design Variables on the Reliability of Lead Free Area Array Connectors
As the use of area array connectors has become more widespread in electronic assemblies,the need to evaluate their reliability has increased. There is,however,limited information on how best to
.. read more
A Study of Alternative Lead Free Wave Alloys: From Process Yield to Reliability
Recent industry trends have focused around alternatives for the commonly used SAC305 or SAC405 alloys for wave soldering and solder fountain rework processes. Industry consortia are currently f
.. read more
Effect of Contact Time on Lead-Free Wave Soldering
The increasing use of lead-free solder has introduced a new set of process parameters when setting up wave solder equipment for effective soldering. Determining the proper flow characteristics
.. read more
Broadband Printing – A Paradigm
The SMT industry is going through a challenging phase of assembling miniature components,such as micro BGA,0.3mm CSP and 01005 passives onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). This effort is primari
.. read more
A Study of 0201’s and Tombstoning in Lead-Free Systems,Phase II Comparison of Final Finishes and Solder Paste Formulations
Tombstoning,the phenomena where a chip component stands up on one end during the reflow cycle,is well-documented and understood in tin-lead systems. It is reported to occur more frequently in l
.. read more
Properties that are Important in Lead-Free Solders
The change to lead-free solders has forced the electronics industry to consider more than it ever has before what properties are important in a solder. When the tin-lead eutectic was the only s
.. read more
Future Lead-Free Solder Alloys and Fluxes – Meeting Challenges of Miniaturization
In general,new lead-free solder alloys with the following characteristics are desired in order to enable the continuation of miniaturization trend: (1) alloy with a reduced melting temperature,
.. read more
Lead Free Processing and other Thermal Challenges for Flexible Printed Circuits
In this paper,factors that influence the ability for a flex circuit,especially a multilayer flex circuit,to survive the lead-free soldering and other thermal processes during the circuit fabric
.. read more
Durability of Repaired and Aged Lead-free Electronic Assemblies
The reliability of aged and repaired lead-free and mixed lead-free/lead-based solder interconnects is an important issue for electronic equipment manufacturers. As a result of the global transi
.. read more
Lead Free Assembly Qualification of ALIVH Boards
The migration to lead free reflow is bringing many challenges for the PCB industry. High Tg laminates,stability of materials thru 2X reflows,rework,moisture sensitivity etc. This requires caref
.. read more
The Whisker Growth Investigation of IC Packaging on the PC Board Assembly
The whisker concern has been greatly affecting lead free RoHS conversion confidence in the lead frame packages,particularly for high end product conversion. Although plenty of related study in
.. read more
Durability of Repaired and Aged Lead-free Electronic Assemblies
The reliability of aged and repaired lead-free and mixed lead-free/lead-based solder interconnects is an important issue for electronic equipment manufacturers. As a result of the global transi
.. read more
Large and Thick Board Lead-Free Wave Soldering Optimization
This paper presents the results of our study on the development and optimization of lead-free wave soldering process for large and thick printed circuit boards (PCB),through multiple designs of
.. read more
THE EFFECT OF FILLING VIA-IN-PAD ON VOIDING RATES IN PWB ASSEMBLY FOR BGA COMPONENTS
The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f
.. read more
The New Lead Free Assembly Rework Solution Using Low Melting Alloys
This paper describes a new lead-free SMT rework process which avoids component overheating,reduces board warpage and cratering,and prevents adjacent components from thermal damage. In the repla
.. read more
SELECTION OF WAVE SOLDERING FLUXES FOR LEAD-FREE ASSEMBLY
The process challenges of lead-free wave soldering often require the use of new flux chemistries when compared with the relatively tolerant tin-lead wave soldering process. In some cases,the fl
.. read more
Aerospace Response to Lead-free Solder - A Program Manager’s Guide
On July 1,2006,lead and certain other hazardous materials were banned from most forms of new electronic equipment in the countries of the European Union. Although most aerospace products are no
.. read more
Lead-free Rework Experiences Using SAC and Sn-Cu Based Alloys
As companies transition over to lead-free assembly a certain amount of hand-soldering and rework will be performed. An article from Tech Search International last year did state that in Asia wh
.. read more
Flux Application for Lead-Free Wave Soldering
Lead-free wave soldering requires tighter process control than soldering with lead based alloys. A key area of the machine that impacts the ability to solder lead-free alloys without defects is
.. read more
Experience in Processing EEE Components with Pure Electroplated Tin Leads As a
The regulatory measures defined in MIL performance standards that govern production of active and passive electronic components ban the application of pure Sn plated leads for EEE parts. The st
.. read more
New Methods to Efficiently Test the Reliability of Plated Vias and to Model Plated Via Life from Laminate Material Data
This paper continues work by Sun Microsystems and the University of Maryland,CALCE[1] to predict plated through via life using laminate material properties,plated copper material properties,and
.. read more
Measuring the True Wetting Time of Solders
As the electronics industry prepares to meet the requirements of the European Community’s RoHS directive on lead in electrical and electronic equipment an issue about which concern is frequentl
.. read more
A Study on Copper Dissolution in Liquid Lead Free Solders under Static and Dynamic Conditions
During lead-free wave soldering or rework operation for through hole components,high rate copper dissolution may occur to printed wiring boards. It is widely believed that Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) lead-f
.. read more
The Effect of Copper Plating Processes and Chemistries on Copper Dissolution
Implementation of lead-free assembly processes results in higher copper dissolution rate than traditional SnPb alloys. The rate at which copper is dissolved could be dependent on many factors,s
.. read more
A Test Methodology for Copper Dissolution in Lead-Free Alloys
Lead-free selective soldering can result in extended times at high temperatures,which in turn can result in excessive dissolution of exposed copper,such as plated through holes. This phenomenon
.. read more
Effect of Lead-free Soldering on Key Material Properties of FR-4 Printed Circuit Board Laminates
The high temperature exposures associated with lead-free soldering of printed circuit boards (PCBs) can alter the laminate
material properties thereby creating a shift in the performance and re
.. read more
Industrial Backward Solution for Lead-Free Exempted AHP* Electronic Products
Since July 1st 2006,the 2002/95/EC RoHS European directive has forced the electronic industry to switch from Tin-Lead to lead-free soldering alloys for components assembly.
Exemption domains ha
.. read more
Lead-free Feasibility Program: Assembly and Testing of a Functional Military Avionics Unit
Although the official implementation of the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive officially started on July 1,2006,a significant portion of the avionics electronics supply ch
.. read more
"Behind the Scenes" of Effective OSP Protection in Pb-free Processing
Advancements and evolutions in printed circuit board manufacturing,design,and electronics assembly have driven new research on high temperature organic solderability preservative (HT OSP) surfa
.. read more
Performing Flux-Technology for Pb-Free SN100C Solders
SN100C (Sn99Cu0.7 with Ni- and Ge-micro-additions) is a lead-free solder alloy that is finding increased acceptance globally and holds promise as a mainstream solution in terms of long-term sol
.. read more
Effect of Design Variables on the Reliability of Lead Free Area Array Connectors
As the use of area array connectors has become more widespread in electronic assemblies,the need to evaluate their reliability has increased. There is,however,limited information on how best to
.. read more
A Study of Alternative Lead Free Wave Alloys: From Process Yield to Reliability
Recent industry trends have focused around alternatives for the commonly used SAC305 or SAC405 alloys for wave soldering and solder fountain rework processes. Industry consortia are currently f
.. read more
Effect of Contact Time on Lead-Free Wave Soldering
The increasing use of lead-free solder has introduced a new set of process parameters when setting up wave solder equipment for effective soldering. Determining the proper flow characteristics
.. read more
Broadband Printing – A Paradigm
The SMT industry is going through a challenging phase of assembling miniature components,such as micro BGA,0.3mm CSP and 01005 passives onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). This effort is primari
.. read more
A Study of 0201’s and Tombstoning in Lead-Free Systems,Phase II Comparison of Final Finishes and Solder Paste Formulations
Tombstoning,the phenomena where a chip component stands up on one end during the reflow cycle,is well-documented and understood in tin-lead systems. It is reported to occur more frequently in l
.. read more
Properties that are Important in Lead-Free Solders
The change to lead-free solders has forced the electronics industry to consider more than it ever has before what properties are important in a solder. When the tin-lead eutectic was the only s
.. read more
Future Lead-Free Solder Alloys and Fluxes – Meeting Challenges of Miniaturization
In general,new lead-free solder alloys with the following characteristics are desired in order to enable the continuation of miniaturization trend: (1) alloy with a reduced melting temperature,
.. read more
Lead Free Processing and other Thermal Challenges for Flexible Printed Circuits
In this paper,factors that influence the ability for a flex circuit,especially a multilayer flex circuit,to survive the lead-free soldering and other thermal processes during the circuit fabric
.. read more
Durability of Repaired and Aged Lead-free Electronic Assemblies
The reliability of aged and repaired lead-free and mixed lead-free/lead-based solder interconnects is an important issue for electronic equipment manufacturers. As a result of the global transi
.. read more
Lead Free Assembly Qualification of ALIVH Boards
The migration to lead free reflow is bringing many challenges for the PCB industry. High Tg laminates,stability of materials thru 2X reflows,rework,moisture sensitivity etc. This requires caref
.. read more
The Whisker Growth Investigation of IC Packaging on the PC Board Assembly
The whisker concern has been greatly affecting lead free RoHS conversion confidence in the lead frame packages,particularly for high end product conversion. Although plenty of related study in
.. read more
Durability of Repaired and Aged Lead-free Electronic Assemblies
The reliability of aged and repaired lead-free and mixed lead-free/lead-based solder interconnects is an important issue for electronic equipment manufacturers. As a result of the global transi
.. read more
Large and Thick Board Lead-Free Wave Soldering Optimization
This paper presents the results of our study on the development and optimization of lead-free wave soldering process for large and thick printed circuit boards (PCB),through multiple designs of
.. read more
THE EFFECT OF FILLING VIA-IN-PAD ON VOIDING RATES IN PWB ASSEMBLY FOR BGA COMPONENTS
The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f
.. read more
The New Lead Free Assembly Rework Solution Using Low Melting Alloys
This paper describes a new lead-free SMT rework process which avoids component overheating,reduces board warpage and cratering,and prevents adjacent components from thermal damage. In the repla
.. read more
SELECTION OF WAVE SOLDERING FLUXES FOR LEAD-FREE ASSEMBLY
The process challenges of lead-free wave soldering often require the use of new flux chemistries when compared with the relatively tolerant tin-lead wave soldering process. In some cases,the fl
.. read more
Aerospace Response to Lead-free Solder - A Program Manager’s Guide
On July 1,2006,lead and certain other hazardous materials were banned from most forms of new electronic equipment in the countries of the European Union. Although most aerospace products are no
.. read more
Lead-free Rework Experiences Using SAC and Sn-Cu Based Alloys
As companies transition over to lead-free assembly a certain amount of hand-soldering and rework will be performed. An article from Tech Search International last year did state that in Asia wh
.. read more
Flux Application for Lead-Free Wave Soldering
Lead-free wave soldering requires tighter process control than soldering with lead based alloys. A key area of the machine that impacts the ability to solder lead-free alloys without defects is
.. read more
Experience in Processing EEE Components with Pure Electroplated Tin Leads As a
The regulatory measures defined in MIL performance standards that govern production of active and passive electronic components ban the application of pure Sn plated leads for EEE parts. The st
.. read more
New Methods to Efficiently Test the Reliability of Plated Vias and to Model Plated Via Life from Laminate Material Data
This paper continues work by Sun Microsystems and the University of Maryland,CALCE[1] to predict plated through via life using laminate material properties,plated copper material properties,and
.. read more
Measuring the True Wetting Time of Solders
As the electronics industry prepares to meet the requirements of the European Community’s RoHS directive on lead in electrical and electronic equipment an issue about which concern is frequentl
.. read more