Knowledge Hub
Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community
Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.
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Analyzing a Printed Circuit Board with Oxide Residue
A number of similar Printed Wiring Assemblies (PWAs) had been subjected to final electrical tests on automated test equipment when a common test failure was recognized. All PWAs were failing
.. read more
PCB Reliability Evaluation for 0.92 mm Pitch Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Applications
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) allow customers the flexibility to configure devices after they have been manufactured. The demand for higher speed requires higher pin counts to provid
.. read more
High-Density PCB Technology Assessment for Space Applications
High density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards (PCBs) and associated assemblies are essential to allow space projects to benefit from the ever increasing complexity and functionality
.. read more
A Method to Investigate Printed Circuit Board Supplier Rework Processes and Best Practices
Several incidents occurred that prompted a team to investigate Printed Circuit Board (PCB) supplier best practices and rework procedures. Two of the more prominent incidents that occurred an
.. read more
Examination of Glass/Epoxy Interfaces in Printed Circuit Boards
Most manufacturers of electronics grade glass fiber reinforcement used in today’s laminates apply treatments to enhance the bonding strength between the inorganic e-glass and the epoxy matrix w
.. read more
An Examination of Glass-fiber and Epoxy Interface Degradation in Printed Circuit Boards
Conductive filament formation or CAF typically occurs in two steps: degradation of the resin/glass fiber bond followed by an electrochemical reaction. Bond degradation provides a path along whi
.. read more
An Experimental Approach to Characterising CAF
The electrochemical short,Conductive Anodic Filamentation,that that can develop within a PCB can be difficult to diagnose and detect,and there are many material and process issues that can lead
.. read more
Behavior of Materials in the Manufacturing Environment
This study was conducted to understand seven materials reliability,behavior of Dielectric constant and Dissipation factor over medium to high frequencies. A modified version of HDPUG design was
.. read more
Design and Construction Affects on PWB Reliability
The reliability,as tested by thermal cycling,of printed wire boards (PWB) are established by three variables; copper quality,material robustness and design. The copper quality was most influent
.. read more
iNEMI HFR-Free PCB Materials Team Project: An Investigation to Identify Technology Limitations Involved in Transitioning to HFR-Free PCB Materials
In response to a growing concern within the Electronic Industry to the transition to Halogen-Free laminates (HFR-Free)
within the Client Market space (Desktop and Notebook computers) iNEMI init
.. read more
The Effects of Lead-Free Reflow on Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) Performance of Materials
This paper details the results achieved by the High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) Consortium investigating the hole-wall to hole-wall CAF performance of 20 different Pb-free printed wir
.. read more
High Density Packaging User Group – Pb-free Materials 2 Project Materials Testing of PWB Substrates to Establish Variability of Construction,...
An important element of the High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) Consortium investigation into the reliability of printed wiring board (PWB) constructed with 20 different Pb-free mater
.. read more
Reliability Testing of PWB Plated through Holes in Air-to-Air Thermal Cycling and Interconnect Stress Testing after Pb-free Reflow Preconditioning
The High Density Packaging Users Group Consortium investigated plated through hole reliability of printed wiring board test vehicles constructed with 20 different Pb-free capable printed wiring
.. read more
A Novel Thermal Material for Multi-Layer Metal Core Printed Circuit Boards
Today,the metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB) business is booming thanks to the rising popularity of LED TV. The majority of MCPCB is single sided. However,the demand for multi-layer board
.. read more
A Novel Primer Coating on Organic Substrate for Reliable Inkjet Printed Circuit
Even though ink jet printed circuit has many advantages over typical subtractive PWB technology such as fewer processes,less waste and labor,it has some problems. A major problem is weak adhesi
.. read more
Opening Eyes on Fiber Weave and CAF
The signal channels that link high speed processors to memory and various other peripherals,are limited by the inherent characteristics of the printed circuit board. These are what ultimately c
.. read more
Opening Eyes on Fiber Weave and CAF
The signal channels that link high speed processors to memory and various other peripherals,are limited by the inherent characteristics of the printed circuit board. These are what ultimately c
.. read more
Future Lead-Free Solder Alloys and Fluxes – Meeting Challenges of Miniaturization
Flux technology for lead-free alloys differs considerably from that for eutectic Sn/Pb solder systems,mainly for soldering and cleaning purpose. For most of the lead-free solders,paste handling
.. read more
Future Lead-Free Solder Alloys and Fluxes – Meeting Challenges of Miniaturization
In general,new lead-free solder alloys with the following characteristics are desired in order to enable the continuation of miniaturization trend: (1) alloy with a reduced melting temperature,
.. read more
The Evaluation of CAF property for narrow TH pitch PCB
To better evaluate CAF (Conductive Anodic Filament) growth we have developed a Test Printed circuit board (PCB) with narrow pitch through holes. (THs) This test PCB can evaluate anti-CAF proper
.. read more
Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) Formation: An Historic Perspective
Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) is a failure mode in printed wiring boards (PWBs) which occurs under high humidity and
high voltage gradient conditions. The filament,a copper salt,grows from a
.. read more
Benefits and Reliability of a Thin Dielectric in a Power Supply Printed Circuit Board
This paper presents the qualification of a new,very thin,printed circuit board (“PCB”) dielectric substrate (“core”) to meet Teradyne’s performance and reliability design goals for a power supp
.. read more
Lead Free and Other Process Effects on Conductive Anodic Filamentation Resistance of Glass Reinforced Epoxy Laminates
Conductive Anodic Filamentation is a subsurface failure mode for woven glass reinforced laminates (FR4) materials,where a
copper salt filament allows bridging between via walls or other copper
.. read more
Conductive Anodic Filament Growth Failure
With increasing focus on reliability and miniaturized designs,Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) as failure
mechanism is gaining a lot of attention. Smaller geometries make the printed circuit bo
.. read more
Test Setup,Procedures and Patterns for Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) and Electrochemical Migration (ECM) Testing
Reliability assessment of Printed Wiring Boards and Assemblies using High Humidity at elevated temperatures has been done for a number of years. Many companies,including the IPC have published
.. read more
Analyzing a Printed Circuit Board with Oxide Residue
A number of similar Printed Wiring Assemblies (PWAs) had been subjected to final electrical tests on automated test equipment when a common test failure was recognized. All PWAs were failing
.. read more
PCB Reliability Evaluation for 0.92 mm Pitch Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Applications
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) allow customers the flexibility to configure devices after they have been manufactured. The demand for higher speed requires higher pin counts to provid
.. read more
High-Density PCB Technology Assessment for Space Applications
High density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards (PCBs) and associated assemblies are essential to allow space projects to benefit from the ever increasing complexity and functionality
.. read more
A Method to Investigate Printed Circuit Board Supplier Rework Processes and Best Practices
Several incidents occurred that prompted a team to investigate Printed Circuit Board (PCB) supplier best practices and rework procedures. Two of the more prominent incidents that occurred an
.. read more
Examination of Glass/Epoxy Interfaces in Printed Circuit Boards
Most manufacturers of electronics grade glass fiber reinforcement used in today’s laminates apply treatments to enhance the bonding strength between the inorganic e-glass and the epoxy matrix w
.. read more
An Examination of Glass-fiber and Epoxy Interface Degradation in Printed Circuit Boards
Conductive filament formation or CAF typically occurs in two steps: degradation of the resin/glass fiber bond followed by an electrochemical reaction. Bond degradation provides a path along whi
.. read more
An Experimental Approach to Characterising CAF
The electrochemical short,Conductive Anodic Filamentation,that that can develop within a PCB can be difficult to diagnose and detect,and there are many material and process issues that can lead
.. read more
Behavior of Materials in the Manufacturing Environment
This study was conducted to understand seven materials reliability,behavior of Dielectric constant and Dissipation factor over medium to high frequencies. A modified version of HDPUG design was
.. read more
Design and Construction Affects on PWB Reliability
The reliability,as tested by thermal cycling,of printed wire boards (PWB) are established by three variables; copper quality,material robustness and design. The copper quality was most influent
.. read more
iNEMI HFR-Free PCB Materials Team Project: An Investigation to Identify Technology Limitations Involved in Transitioning to HFR-Free PCB Materials
In response to a growing concern within the Electronic Industry to the transition to Halogen-Free laminates (HFR-Free)
within the Client Market space (Desktop and Notebook computers) iNEMI init
.. read more
The Effects of Lead-Free Reflow on Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) Performance of Materials
This paper details the results achieved by the High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) Consortium investigating the hole-wall to hole-wall CAF performance of 20 different Pb-free printed wir
.. read more
High Density Packaging User Group – Pb-free Materials 2 Project Materials Testing of PWB Substrates to Establish Variability of Construction,...
An important element of the High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) Consortium investigation into the reliability of printed wiring board (PWB) constructed with 20 different Pb-free mater
.. read more
Reliability Testing of PWB Plated through Holes in Air-to-Air Thermal Cycling and Interconnect Stress Testing after Pb-free Reflow Preconditioning
The High Density Packaging Users Group Consortium investigated plated through hole reliability of printed wiring board test vehicles constructed with 20 different Pb-free capable printed wiring
.. read more
A Novel Thermal Material for Multi-Layer Metal Core Printed Circuit Boards
Today,the metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB) business is booming thanks to the rising popularity of LED TV. The majority of MCPCB is single sided. However,the demand for multi-layer board
.. read more
A Novel Primer Coating on Organic Substrate for Reliable Inkjet Printed Circuit
Even though ink jet printed circuit has many advantages over typical subtractive PWB technology such as fewer processes,less waste and labor,it has some problems. A major problem is weak adhesi
.. read more
Opening Eyes on Fiber Weave and CAF
The signal channels that link high speed processors to memory and various other peripherals,are limited by the inherent characteristics of the printed circuit board. These are what ultimately c
.. read more
Opening Eyes on Fiber Weave and CAF
The signal channels that link high speed processors to memory and various other peripherals,are limited by the inherent characteristics of the printed circuit board. These are what ultimately c
.. read more
Future Lead-Free Solder Alloys and Fluxes – Meeting Challenges of Miniaturization
Flux technology for lead-free alloys differs considerably from that for eutectic Sn/Pb solder systems,mainly for soldering and cleaning purpose. For most of the lead-free solders,paste handling
.. read more
Future Lead-Free Solder Alloys and Fluxes – Meeting Challenges of Miniaturization
In general,new lead-free solder alloys with the following characteristics are desired in order to enable the continuation of miniaturization trend: (1) alloy with a reduced melting temperature,
.. read more
The Evaluation of CAF property for narrow TH pitch PCB
To better evaluate CAF (Conductive Anodic Filament) growth we have developed a Test Printed circuit board (PCB) with narrow pitch through holes. (THs) This test PCB can evaluate anti-CAF proper
.. read more
Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) Formation: An Historic Perspective
Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) is a failure mode in printed wiring boards (PWBs) which occurs under high humidity and
high voltage gradient conditions. The filament,a copper salt,grows from a
.. read more
Benefits and Reliability of a Thin Dielectric in a Power Supply Printed Circuit Board
This paper presents the qualification of a new,very thin,printed circuit board (“PCB”) dielectric substrate (“core”) to meet Teradyne’s performance and reliability design goals for a power supp
.. read more
Lead Free and Other Process Effects on Conductive Anodic Filamentation Resistance of Glass Reinforced Epoxy Laminates
Conductive Anodic Filamentation is a subsurface failure mode for woven glass reinforced laminates (FR4) materials,where a
copper salt filament allows bridging between via walls or other copper
.. read more
Conductive Anodic Filament Growth Failure
With increasing focus on reliability and miniaturized designs,Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) as failure
mechanism is gaining a lot of attention. Smaller geometries make the printed circuit bo
.. read more
Test Setup,Procedures and Patterns for Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) and Electrochemical Migration (ECM) Testing
Reliability assessment of Printed Wiring Boards and Assemblies using High Humidity at elevated temperatures has been done for a number of years. Many companies,including the IPC have published
.. read more