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Risk Mitigation in Hand Soldering

Soldering is the bonding of metallic surfaces via an intermetallic compound (IMC). The interaction between thermal energy delivery,flux chemistry,and solder chemistry creates the solder bond or .. read more

Study on Solder Joint Reliability of Fine Pitch CSP

Nowadays,consumer electronic product is characterized with miniature,portable,light and high performance,especially for 3G mobile products. More and more fine pitch CSPs (0.4mm) come forth as t .. read more

Method to Measure Intermetallic Layer Thickness and Its Application to Develop a New Equation to Predict Its Growth

Lead Free Technology has brought new materials and different quality concerns to the Electronics Industry. For that,the creation of new methods to determine the quality of materials is needed a .. read more

The Morphology Evolution and Voiding of Solder Joints on QFN Central Pads with a Ni/Au Finish

In this paper,we report on a comprehensive study regarding the morphology evolution and voiding of SnAgCu solder joints on the central pad of two different packages – QFN and an Agilent package .. read more

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Intermetallic Layer in Solder Joints

While it has long been known that the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic that plays a critical role in the reliability of solder joints made with tin-containing alloys on copper substrates exists in two diff .. read more

Choosing a Low-Cost Alternative to Sac Alloys for PCB Assembly

Developing low-cost alternatives to near-eutectic SAC alloys for Pb-free assembly is crucial to continue producing affordable electronics products. Metals prices,especially silver,have been on .. read more

Solder Charge Grid Array: Advancements in the Technology of Surface Mount Area Array Solder Joint Attachment

Surface mount area arrays (SMAA) have been in existence for decades and are increasingly becoming more important as printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies become further complex with package mi .. read more

A Study of Solder Optimization Development for Portable Electronic Device

With increasing use of portable appliances such as PDA and cellular phone,changing environment of application requires higher solder joint reliability. The Cu-OSP process has been widely used f .. read more

The Role of the Interfacial Intermetallic in Lead-Free Solder

The formation during the soldering process of the layer of intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5 at the solder substrate interface provides the essential evidence that a metallurgical bond that is the .. read more

Reliability and Microstructure of Lead-Free Solder Joints in Industrial Electronics after Accelerated Thermal Aging

The reliability of lead-free (LF) solder joints in surface-mounted device components (SMD) has been investigated after thermo-cycle testing. Kirkendall voids have been observed at the interface .. read more

Copper Pad Dissolution and Microstructure Analysis of Reworked Plastic Grid Array Assemblies

An experimental study was conducted to examine the impact of rework processes on quality and reliability. In this study,676 IO plastic ball grid array packages were assembled with Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu .. read more

A Test Methodology for Copper Dissolution in Lead-Free Alloys

Lead-free selective soldering can result in extended times at high temperatures,which in turn can result in excessive dissolution of exposed copper,such as plated through holes. This phenomenon .. read more

A Compliant and Creep Resistant SAC-Al(Ni) Alloy

Addition of Al into SAC alloys reduces the number of hard Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 IMC particles,and forms larger,softer non-stoichiometric AlAg and AlCu particles. This results in a significant reduct .. read more

A Study of Reliability between Solder Alloy and Pad Materials

The low Ag solder alloy shows higher drop performance than the high Ag solder alloy in the every kind of package and board combinations. This is related to the ductility of solder and the surfa .. read more

A Compliant and Creep Resistant SAC-Al (Ni) Alloy

Addition of Al into SAC alloys reduces the number of hard Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 IMC particles,and forms larger,softer non-stoichiometric AlAg and AlCu particles. This results in a significant reduct .. read more

The Effects of Tin Whisker Testing on Solder Connections

The RoHS legislation in Europe has far reaching consequences,which necessitates a change in lead coating on component leads. Although some suppliers are using a tin finish,there is a tendency f .. read more

Performance of China Alloy SnAgCuCe in Reflow Soldering

Work on assisting China's Ministry of Information Industry (MII) to assess the performance of a solder paste using the China alloy Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.019Ce (SACCe) was completed. Two Indium fluxes w .. read more

Effects of Reflow Profile and Thermal Shock on Intermetallic Compound Thickness for SnPb and SnAgCu Solder Joints

During the solder reflow processes many reactions occur. There is the reduction of oxides on the metal surfaces,metal dissolution,wetting to different surfaces,and intermetallic compound format .. read more

IMC Growth Study on Ni-P/Pd/Au Film and Ni-P/Au Film Using Sn/Ag/Cu Lead Free Solder

The surface finishes Ni-P/Pd/Au (hereafter referred to ENEPIG) and Ni-P/Au (hereafter referred to ENIG) were prepared on ball grid array (BGA) circuit boards by electroless/immersion plating me .. read more

Phosphorus in Electroless Nickel Layers – Curse or Blessing?

The influence of co-deposited Phosphorous (P) (from low to high P) within an electroless Nickel layer,regarding the reliability of the solder joint integrity was investigated. The solder joint .. read more

HDPUG's Failure Analysis of High-Density Packages’ Lead-Free Solder Joints

Failure analyses of the leadfree and SnPb solder joints of high-density packages such as the PBGA (plastic ball grid array) and the CCGA (ceramic column grid array) soldered on SnCu HASL (hot-a .. read more

Recrystallization Principles Applied to Whisker Growth in Tin

Tin whiskers found in electroplated deposits are known to be single crystals which spontaneously grow. Thus whisker growth can be regarded as a grain growth phenomenon. In this paper we examine .. read more

Risk Mitigation in Hand Soldering

Soldering is the bonding of metallic surfaces via an intermetallic compound (IMC). The interaction between thermal energy delivery,flux chemistry,and solder chemistry creates the solder bond or .. read more

Study on Solder Joint Reliability of Fine Pitch CSP

Nowadays,consumer electronic product is characterized with miniature,portable,light and high performance,especially for 3G mobile products. More and more fine pitch CSPs (0.4mm) come forth as t .. read more

Method to Measure Intermetallic Layer Thickness and Its Application to Develop a New Equation to Predict Its Growth

Lead Free Technology has brought new materials and different quality concerns to the Electronics Industry. For that,the creation of new methods to determine the quality of materials is needed a .. read more

The Morphology Evolution and Voiding of Solder Joints on QFN Central Pads with a Ni/Au Finish

In this paper,we report on a comprehensive study regarding the morphology evolution and voiding of SnAgCu solder joints on the central pad of two different packages – QFN and an Agilent package .. read more

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Intermetallic Layer in Solder Joints

While it has long been known that the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic that plays a critical role in the reliability of solder joints made with tin-containing alloys on copper substrates exists in two diff .. read more

Choosing a Low-Cost Alternative to Sac Alloys for PCB Assembly

Developing low-cost alternatives to near-eutectic SAC alloys for Pb-free assembly is crucial to continue producing affordable electronics products. Metals prices,especially silver,have been on .. read more

Solder Charge Grid Array: Advancements in the Technology of Surface Mount Area Array Solder Joint Attachment

Surface mount area arrays (SMAA) have been in existence for decades and are increasingly becoming more important as printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies become further complex with package mi .. read more

A Study of Solder Optimization Development for Portable Electronic Device

With increasing use of portable appliances such as PDA and cellular phone,changing environment of application requires higher solder joint reliability. The Cu-OSP process has been widely used f .. read more

The Role of the Interfacial Intermetallic in Lead-Free Solder

The formation during the soldering process of the layer of intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5 at the solder substrate interface provides the essential evidence that a metallurgical bond that is the .. read more

Reliability and Microstructure of Lead-Free Solder Joints in Industrial Electronics after Accelerated Thermal Aging

The reliability of lead-free (LF) solder joints in surface-mounted device components (SMD) has been investigated after thermo-cycle testing. Kirkendall voids have been observed at the interface .. read more

Copper Pad Dissolution and Microstructure Analysis of Reworked Plastic Grid Array Assemblies

An experimental study was conducted to examine the impact of rework processes on quality and reliability. In this study,676 IO plastic ball grid array packages were assembled with Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu .. read more

A Test Methodology for Copper Dissolution in Lead-Free Alloys

Lead-free selective soldering can result in extended times at high temperatures,which in turn can result in excessive dissolution of exposed copper,such as plated through holes. This phenomenon .. read more

A Compliant and Creep Resistant SAC-Al(Ni) Alloy

Addition of Al into SAC alloys reduces the number of hard Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 IMC particles,and forms larger,softer non-stoichiometric AlAg and AlCu particles. This results in a significant reduct .. read more

A Study of Reliability between Solder Alloy and Pad Materials

The low Ag solder alloy shows higher drop performance than the high Ag solder alloy in the every kind of package and board combinations. This is related to the ductility of solder and the surfa .. read more

A Compliant and Creep Resistant SAC-Al (Ni) Alloy

Addition of Al into SAC alloys reduces the number of hard Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 IMC particles,and forms larger,softer non-stoichiometric AlAg and AlCu particles. This results in a significant reduct .. read more

The Effects of Tin Whisker Testing on Solder Connections

The RoHS legislation in Europe has far reaching consequences,which necessitates a change in lead coating on component leads. Although some suppliers are using a tin finish,there is a tendency f .. read more

Performance of China Alloy SnAgCuCe in Reflow Soldering

Work on assisting China's Ministry of Information Industry (MII) to assess the performance of a solder paste using the China alloy Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.019Ce (SACCe) was completed. Two Indium fluxes w .. read more

Effects of Reflow Profile and Thermal Shock on Intermetallic Compound Thickness for SnPb and SnAgCu Solder Joints

During the solder reflow processes many reactions occur. There is the reduction of oxides on the metal surfaces,metal dissolution,wetting to different surfaces,and intermetallic compound format .. read more

IMC Growth Study on Ni-P/Pd/Au Film and Ni-P/Au Film Using Sn/Ag/Cu Lead Free Solder

The surface finishes Ni-P/Pd/Au (hereafter referred to ENEPIG) and Ni-P/Au (hereafter referred to ENIG) were prepared on ball grid array (BGA) circuit boards by electroless/immersion plating me .. read more

Phosphorus in Electroless Nickel Layers – Curse or Blessing?

The influence of co-deposited Phosphorous (P) (from low to high P) within an electroless Nickel layer,regarding the reliability of the solder joint integrity was investigated. The solder joint .. read more

HDPUG's Failure Analysis of High-Density Packages’ Lead-Free Solder Joints

Failure analyses of the leadfree and SnPb solder joints of high-density packages such as the PBGA (plastic ball grid array) and the CCGA (ceramic column grid array) soldered on SnCu HASL (hot-a .. read more

Recrystallization Principles Applied to Whisker Growth in Tin

Tin whiskers found in electroplated deposits are known to be single crystals which spontaneously grow. Thus whisker growth can be regarded as a grain growth phenomenon. In this paper we examine .. read more