Knowledge Hub
Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community
Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.
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Novel Surface Finish for 5G-mmWave frequency PCB Technologies- How to Achieve Optimum Signal Integrity
The next generation devices using high frequency of 5G to mmWave and greater has called for innovation in materials used in electronics manufacturing to realize the optimum signal integrity
.. read more
Reassessing Surface Finish Performance for Next Generation Technology
PCB Fabricators have long since abandoned Hot-Air Levelling, with several alternative final finishes (ImAg, ImSn, OSP, ENIG and ENEPIG) now well established as having a track record of meeti
.. read more
Advanced Thermal Management Solutions on PCBs for High Power Applications
With increasing power loss of electrical components,thermal performance of an assembled device becomes one of the most important quality factors in electronic packaging. Due to the rapid advanc
.. read more
Study on Solder Joint Reliability of Fine Pitch CSP
Nowadays,consumer electronic product is characterized with miniature,portable,light and high performance,especially for 3G mobile products. More and more fine pitch CSPs (0.4mm) come forth as t
.. read more
Optimizing the Insulated Metal Substrate Application with Proper Material Selection and Circuit Fabrication
The ever expanding growth in the use of insulated metal substrates (IMS) in power electronics requires a focus on material and mechanical configuration for each application. By optimizing the m
.. read more
The Surface Finish Effect on the Creep Corrosion in PCB
Creep corrosion normally happens in the end system,PCB,connectors and components are widely noted due to the exposure of
high sulfur environments under elevated humidity. In this study,the majo
.. read more
Cleaning Challenges in an HDI World
Electronic assembly innovations drive more performance using highly dense interconnects. Assembly residues may increase the risk of premature failure or improper functionality. The challenge fo
.. read more
Thermal Cycle Testing of PWBs – Methodology
Reliability testing of printed wire boards (PWBs) by thermal cycling offers the ability to compare relative survivability through assembly and reliability in the end use environment. This artic
.. read more
Peel Strength of Deposited Adhesiveless FCCL,Or,Why Don’t They Ever Say,“It Sticks Too Good?”
The peel test will be reviewed,with special attention given to deposited adhesiveless copperclad laminates. A basic familiarity with the IPC test method will be assumed. The brief amount of tim
.. read more
Industrial Backward Solution for Lead-Free Exempted AHP* Electronic Products
Since July 1st 2006,the 2002/95/EC RoHS European directive has forced the electronic industry to switch from Tin-Lead to lead-free soldering alloys for components assembly.
Exemption domains ha
.. read more
THE EFFECT OF FILLING VIA-IN-PAD ON VOIDING RATES IN PWB ASSEMBLY FOR BGA COMPONENTS
The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f
.. read more
The Effect of Filling VIA-In-Pad-On Voiding Rates in PWB Assembly for BGA Components
The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize
voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f
.. read more
Lead Free 0201 Assembly and Thermal Cycle/Aging Reliability
The many challenges with 0201 passive component assembly can be attributed to the solder paste volume,pad design,
aperture design,board finish,type of solder paste,pick-and-place,and reflow pro
.. read more
Effect of Surface Finish,Reflow Profile and High Temperature Aging on Drop Test Reliability of Lead Free CSPs
Chip scale packages (CSPs) are widely used in portable electronic products. Mechanical drop testing is a critical reliability
requirement for these products. With the switch to lead free solder
.. read more
IMC Growth Study on Ni-P/Pd/Au Film and Ni-P/Au Film Using Sn/Ag/Cu Lead Free Solder
The surface finishes Ni-P/Pd/Au (hereafter referred to ENEPIG) and Ni-P/Au (hereafter referred to ENIG) were
prepared on ball grid array (BGA) circuit boards by electroless/immersion plating me
.. read more
On Solder Joints Reliability and Component Damage of Hand Soldered Lead-Free PTH and SMD Components
Due to the European legislations (RoHS and WEEE) consumer products need to be soldered with lead-free solders from the first of July 2006. Since several properties (physical,chemical,mechanical
.. read more
A Study of Implementing Lead free Soldering Process with Organic Solderability Preservative Coating In a High Volume Production Environment
As the global electronic industry marches toward the brave new world of environmentally conscious electronic manufacturing,lead free soldering has made some fundamental shifts in the processing
.. read more
Direct Immersion Gold as a Final Finish
In this study,the DIG process (Direct Immersion Gold),is investigated. DIG is a process in which gold is plated directly on
copper as a surface finish for printed circuit board and package appl
.. read more
Optimization of Lead-Free Soldering Processes for Volume Manufacturing
In this paper,a comprehensive review is provided on the optimization of soldering processes (including reflow,wave
soldering,and rework),for different component types,different PCB sizes and fi
.. read more
Lead-Free Solder Flip Chips on FR-4 Substrates with Different Assembly Processes and Materials
This study is focused on using different assembly options such as dip fluxing,flux jetting and reflow encapsulate for 200-
250um pitch lead-free (SnAgCu) flip chips on FR4 substrates. The impac
.. read more
Implementation of Immersion Silver PCB Surface Finish In Compliance With Underwriters Laboratories
At times,the electronics industry changes faster than the testing and regulatory groups serving the industry. In this case,the
electronics supply chain thoroughly evaluated the new printed circ
.. read more
Effects of Conductor Surface Condition on High Frequency Loss
Efforts to reduce high frequency signal losses associated with dielectric materials have driven development and
commercialization of more cost effective low loss laminate materials. These devel
.. read more
Solderability of Sn/Cu Lead-Free Solder as a HASL Bare Board Final Finish
Sn/Cu lead-free solder is a good alternative to 63/37 solder for use in HASL processes. Solderability of Sn/Cu
surface exceeds that of 63/37 solder,nickel-gold,OSP,silver,and immersion tin both
.. read more
What’s Wrong With My Surface Finish? An Evaluation of the Limitations of Common Surface Finishes
This paper will highlight the shortcomings of each of the commonly used surface finishes available on the market
today. The goal is to spark the industry interest,that it may double its efforts
.. read more
Effects of Lead-Free Surface Finishes on Press-Fit Connections
For decades,tin-lead has been used as the primary surface finish for compliant pins and plated through holes (PTH) of
printed circuit board (PCB) in press-fit connections. Therefore,most test r
.. read more
Improving Oxide Resistance and Solderability of Electroplated Tin & Tin Alloy Coatings for Component Plating and Printed Circuit Board Final...
Abstract
Electroplated tin and tin alloy coatings are used in electronics plating applications as a solderable and corrosion resistant
surface finish for components and printed circuit boards (
.. read more
The Importance of Cooling Rate in the Developing the Totally Controlled Reflow Process for Lead Free and Eutectic Tin Lead...
The impact cooling rates exert on the reflow process is identified. The trends in shear strength and the
microstructural evolution of the solder joints are described. Lead free (Sn/3.5Ag/0.7Cu)
.. read more
Wetting of Fresh and Aged Immersion Tin and Silver Surface Finishes by Sn/Ag/Cu Solder
The wetting of alternative PCB surface finishes,including immersion silver (I-Ag) and immersion tin (I-Sn),by
Sn/Ag/Cu solder and Sn/Pb solder,was studied in this work,along with electroless ni
.. read more
Real-Life Tin-Silver-Copper Alloy Processing
The world is stating to focus on tin-silver copper as the lead-free alloy of choice. This paper discusses the
commercially available tin-silver-copper alloys and their processing and reliabilit
.. read more
Testing and Analysis of Surface Mounted Lead Free Soldering Materials and Processes
The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI) has sponsored a consortium of Massachusetts based
corporations to investigate lead-free (Pb-free) surface mount soldering technology. The
.. read more
Novel Surface Finish for 5G-mmWave frequency PCB Technologies- How to Achieve Optimum Signal Integrity
The next generation devices using high frequency of 5G to mmWave and greater has called for innovation in materials used in electronics manufacturing to realize the optimum signal integrity
.. read more
Reassessing Surface Finish Performance for Next Generation Technology
PCB Fabricators have long since abandoned Hot-Air Levelling, with several alternative final finishes (ImAg, ImSn, OSP, ENIG and ENEPIG) now well established as having a track record of meeti
.. read more
Advanced Thermal Management Solutions on PCBs for High Power Applications
With increasing power loss of electrical components,thermal performance of an assembled device becomes one of the most important quality factors in electronic packaging. Due to the rapid advanc
.. read more
Study on Solder Joint Reliability of Fine Pitch CSP
Nowadays,consumer electronic product is characterized with miniature,portable,light and high performance,especially for 3G mobile products. More and more fine pitch CSPs (0.4mm) come forth as t
.. read more
Optimizing the Insulated Metal Substrate Application with Proper Material Selection and Circuit Fabrication
The ever expanding growth in the use of insulated metal substrates (IMS) in power electronics requires a focus on material and mechanical configuration for each application. By optimizing the m
.. read more
The Surface Finish Effect on the Creep Corrosion in PCB
Creep corrosion normally happens in the end system,PCB,connectors and components are widely noted due to the exposure of
high sulfur environments under elevated humidity. In this study,the majo
.. read more
Cleaning Challenges in an HDI World
Electronic assembly innovations drive more performance using highly dense interconnects. Assembly residues may increase the risk of premature failure or improper functionality. The challenge fo
.. read more
Thermal Cycle Testing of PWBs – Methodology
Reliability testing of printed wire boards (PWBs) by thermal cycling offers the ability to compare relative survivability through assembly and reliability in the end use environment. This artic
.. read more
Peel Strength of Deposited Adhesiveless FCCL,Or,Why Don’t They Ever Say,“It Sticks Too Good?”
The peel test will be reviewed,with special attention given to deposited adhesiveless copperclad laminates. A basic familiarity with the IPC test method will be assumed. The brief amount of tim
.. read more
Industrial Backward Solution for Lead-Free Exempted AHP* Electronic Products
Since July 1st 2006,the 2002/95/EC RoHS European directive has forced the electronic industry to switch from Tin-Lead to lead-free soldering alloys for components assembly.
Exemption domains ha
.. read more
THE EFFECT OF FILLING VIA-IN-PAD ON VOIDING RATES IN PWB ASSEMBLY FOR BGA COMPONENTS
The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f
.. read more
The Effect of Filling VIA-In-Pad-On Voiding Rates in PWB Assembly for BGA Components
The debate on the effect of voiding on BGA reliability has continued for years. Many PWB assemblers strive to minimize
voiding,particularly with the advent of lead-free processing and in fine f
.. read more
Lead Free 0201 Assembly and Thermal Cycle/Aging Reliability
The many challenges with 0201 passive component assembly can be attributed to the solder paste volume,pad design,
aperture design,board finish,type of solder paste,pick-and-place,and reflow pro
.. read more
Effect of Surface Finish,Reflow Profile and High Temperature Aging on Drop Test Reliability of Lead Free CSPs
Chip scale packages (CSPs) are widely used in portable electronic products. Mechanical drop testing is a critical reliability
requirement for these products. With the switch to lead free solder
.. read more
IMC Growth Study on Ni-P/Pd/Au Film and Ni-P/Au Film Using Sn/Ag/Cu Lead Free Solder
The surface finishes Ni-P/Pd/Au (hereafter referred to ENEPIG) and Ni-P/Au (hereafter referred to ENIG) were
prepared on ball grid array (BGA) circuit boards by electroless/immersion plating me
.. read more
On Solder Joints Reliability and Component Damage of Hand Soldered Lead-Free PTH and SMD Components
Due to the European legislations (RoHS and WEEE) consumer products need to be soldered with lead-free solders from the first of July 2006. Since several properties (physical,chemical,mechanical
.. read more
A Study of Implementing Lead free Soldering Process with Organic Solderability Preservative Coating In a High Volume Production Environment
As the global electronic industry marches toward the brave new world of environmentally conscious electronic manufacturing,lead free soldering has made some fundamental shifts in the processing
.. read more
Direct Immersion Gold as a Final Finish
In this study,the DIG process (Direct Immersion Gold),is investigated. DIG is a process in which gold is plated directly on
copper as a surface finish for printed circuit board and package appl
.. read more
Optimization of Lead-Free Soldering Processes for Volume Manufacturing
In this paper,a comprehensive review is provided on the optimization of soldering processes (including reflow,wave
soldering,and rework),for different component types,different PCB sizes and fi
.. read more
Lead-Free Solder Flip Chips on FR-4 Substrates with Different Assembly Processes and Materials
This study is focused on using different assembly options such as dip fluxing,flux jetting and reflow encapsulate for 200-
250um pitch lead-free (SnAgCu) flip chips on FR4 substrates. The impac
.. read more
Implementation of Immersion Silver PCB Surface Finish In Compliance With Underwriters Laboratories
At times,the electronics industry changes faster than the testing and regulatory groups serving the industry. In this case,the
electronics supply chain thoroughly evaluated the new printed circ
.. read more
Effects of Conductor Surface Condition on High Frequency Loss
Efforts to reduce high frequency signal losses associated with dielectric materials have driven development and
commercialization of more cost effective low loss laminate materials. These devel
.. read more
Solderability of Sn/Cu Lead-Free Solder as a HASL Bare Board Final Finish
Sn/Cu lead-free solder is a good alternative to 63/37 solder for use in HASL processes. Solderability of Sn/Cu
surface exceeds that of 63/37 solder,nickel-gold,OSP,silver,and immersion tin both
.. read more
What’s Wrong With My Surface Finish? An Evaluation of the Limitations of Common Surface Finishes
This paper will highlight the shortcomings of each of the commonly used surface finishes available on the market
today. The goal is to spark the industry interest,that it may double its efforts
.. read more
Effects of Lead-Free Surface Finishes on Press-Fit Connections
For decades,tin-lead has been used as the primary surface finish for compliant pins and plated through holes (PTH) of
printed circuit board (PCB) in press-fit connections. Therefore,most test r
.. read more
Improving Oxide Resistance and Solderability of Electroplated Tin & Tin Alloy Coatings for Component Plating and Printed Circuit Board Final...
Abstract
Electroplated tin and tin alloy coatings are used in electronics plating applications as a solderable and corrosion resistant
surface finish for components and printed circuit boards (
.. read more
The Importance of Cooling Rate in the Developing the Totally Controlled Reflow Process for Lead Free and Eutectic Tin Lead...
The impact cooling rates exert on the reflow process is identified. The trends in shear strength and the
microstructural evolution of the solder joints are described. Lead free (Sn/3.5Ag/0.7Cu)
.. read more
Wetting of Fresh and Aged Immersion Tin and Silver Surface Finishes by Sn/Ag/Cu Solder
The wetting of alternative PCB surface finishes,including immersion silver (I-Ag) and immersion tin (I-Sn),by
Sn/Ag/Cu solder and Sn/Pb solder,was studied in this work,along with electroless ni
.. read more
Real-Life Tin-Silver-Copper Alloy Processing
The world is stating to focus on tin-silver copper as the lead-free alloy of choice. This paper discusses the
commercially available tin-silver-copper alloys and their processing and reliabilit
.. read more
Testing and Analysis of Surface Mounted Lead Free Soldering Materials and Processes
The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI) has sponsored a consortium of Massachusetts based
corporations to investigate lead-free (Pb-free) surface mount soldering technology. The
.. read more