Knowledge Hub

Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community

Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.

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Electroless Palladium Plating – Correlating Plating Solution and Deposit Properties

Electroless palladium plating has been present in the PCB industry for over 20 years providing highly reliable finishes for high end applications in combination with nickel and gold plating. .. read more

Study of the Growth of Sn-Cu Intermetallic Compounds Using XRF Coulometric Stripping (XRF-CS) Method

The method to measure intermetallic compound layer thickness is discussed in a paper recently published by the author[1]. The method uses voltage/current sources, voltmeters, and electrolyte .. read more

Non‐Destructive Measurement Improvements in Determining the Phosphorus Content in Electroless Nickel Deposits for ENIG And ENEPIG Using XRF

Phosphorus content in electroless nickel deposits, for PCB and electronic connectors, is a critical factor in controlling the nickel layer’s corrosion resistance and solderability. Improveme .. read more

RoHS Substance Measurements in Complex Products

With the wide breadth of component types used in complex electronic equipment,implementation of the European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances 2011/65/EU/ (RoHS) is a challenge. A low v .. read more

Direct Determination of Phosphorus Content in Electroless Nickel Plating Using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy

Electroless plating processes are popular because of their performance,reliability and cost effectiveness. The process combines unique deposit properties such as uniform plating build up regard .. read more

Is the ENIG Process Evil,or is it Maybe QA,Engineer or Sales Guy?

The case of processing issues with Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold (ENIG) is well documented,even as it endures as a very popular surface finish. Certainly the market says that quality ENIG h .. read more

Coating Thickness Measurement of Thin Gold and Palladium Coatings on Printed Circuit Boards using X-Ray Fluorescence

- DD Detector is State of the Art - Software: Addressing all measurement challenges; Measurement Results for Au,Pd and Ni(P),independent of substrate material - Traceability and Reproducibility .. read more

Authenticity Testing

Counterfeit and substandard parts and components have been a recurring theme in practically every market. For the last several years,the largest concern has been in the military and aerospace i .. read more

Screening for Counterfeit Electronic Parts

Counterfeit electronic parts have become a significant cause of worry in the electronics part supply chain. Most of the counterfeit parts detected in the electronics industry are either new or .. read more

Reliable Solder Identification by X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

High reliability applications in the military and aerospace industry require reliable solder finish identification on components within the supply system of DoD,NASA,and many other organization .. read more

Comparison of the Electrochemical and Physical Properties of Nanocrystalline Copper Deposition in the Fabrication of Printed Wiring Boards

Typical electrodeposition of conventional metals produces deposits that are polycrystalline in nature,comprised of many crystal grains separated by grain boundaries. Adding grain refiners to a .. read more

Uniformity of Nickel Plating Thickness in High Aspect Ratio Plated Through Holes

Nickel plating is often used on PWBs to increase wear resistance and to prevent diffusion between copper and other plated metals. The nickel plating is often present in through holes as well as .. read more

X-Ray Fluorescence Equipment and Materials Characterization for RoHS Compliances

Environmental compliance is becoming a global effort in the electrical and electronics industry. The Directive on “Restriction of Hazardous Substances” (RoHS) in Europe,is forcing the electroni .. read more

Understanding of XRF Technology and Clarification of its Application for RoHS

RoHS directives require screening and quantification of certain elements and compounds used in electronics components and parts. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) technology has emerged as an effective .. read more

Confidence in Your Environmental Compliance

Companies are refining their processes to better ensure their compliance with environmental regulations evolving around the world. These processes reflect internal use models and collaborative .. read more

Next Generation Pb-free Immersion Finishes,Methodologies used to Determine Coating Thickness and the Impact of Thickness Variations and Rework on Soldering

The next generation of surface finish coatings to replace HASL are now being installed by various PWB manufacturers and have been implemented by many OEMs. Coating thickness requirements are p .. read more

What to Look for From Your Board Supplier When Changing to an Alternate Surface Finish to HASL

Over the last five to eight years the use of HASL alternatives by the OEM’s and CM’s has increased dramatically,particularly in response to increasing board density and the need for a solderabl .. read more

Electroless Palladium Plating – Correlating Plating Solution and Deposit Properties

Electroless palladium plating has been present in the PCB industry for over 20 years providing highly reliable finishes for high end applications in combination with nickel and gold plating. .. read more

Study of the Growth of Sn-Cu Intermetallic Compounds Using XRF Coulometric Stripping (XRF-CS) Method

The method to measure intermetallic compound layer thickness is discussed in a paper recently published by the author[1]. The method uses voltage/current sources, voltmeters, and electrolyte .. read more

Non‐Destructive Measurement Improvements in Determining the Phosphorus Content in Electroless Nickel Deposits for ENIG And ENEPIG Using XRF

Phosphorus content in electroless nickel deposits, for PCB and electronic connectors, is a critical factor in controlling the nickel layer’s corrosion resistance and solderability. Improveme .. read more

RoHS Substance Measurements in Complex Products

With the wide breadth of component types used in complex electronic equipment,implementation of the European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances 2011/65/EU/ (RoHS) is a challenge. A low v .. read more

Direct Determination of Phosphorus Content in Electroless Nickel Plating Using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy

Electroless plating processes are popular because of their performance,reliability and cost effectiveness. The process combines unique deposit properties such as uniform plating build up regard .. read more

Is the ENIG Process Evil,or is it Maybe QA,Engineer or Sales Guy?

The case of processing issues with Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold (ENIG) is well documented,even as it endures as a very popular surface finish. Certainly the market says that quality ENIG h .. read more

Coating Thickness Measurement of Thin Gold and Palladium Coatings on Printed Circuit Boards using X-Ray Fluorescence

- DD Detector is State of the Art - Software: Addressing all measurement challenges; Measurement Results for Au,Pd and Ni(P),independent of substrate material - Traceability and Reproducibility .. read more

Authenticity Testing

Counterfeit and substandard parts and components have been a recurring theme in practically every market. For the last several years,the largest concern has been in the military and aerospace i .. read more

Screening for Counterfeit Electronic Parts

Counterfeit electronic parts have become a significant cause of worry in the electronics part supply chain. Most of the counterfeit parts detected in the electronics industry are either new or .. read more

Reliable Solder Identification by X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

High reliability applications in the military and aerospace industry require reliable solder finish identification on components within the supply system of DoD,NASA,and many other organization .. read more

Comparison of the Electrochemical and Physical Properties of Nanocrystalline Copper Deposition in the Fabrication of Printed Wiring Boards

Typical electrodeposition of conventional metals produces deposits that are polycrystalline in nature,comprised of many crystal grains separated by grain boundaries. Adding grain refiners to a .. read more

Uniformity of Nickel Plating Thickness in High Aspect Ratio Plated Through Holes

Nickel plating is often used on PWBs to increase wear resistance and to prevent diffusion between copper and other plated metals. The nickel plating is often present in through holes as well as .. read more

X-Ray Fluorescence Equipment and Materials Characterization for RoHS Compliances

Environmental compliance is becoming a global effort in the electrical and electronics industry. The Directive on “Restriction of Hazardous Substances” (RoHS) in Europe,is forcing the electroni .. read more

Understanding of XRF Technology and Clarification of its Application for RoHS

RoHS directives require screening and quantification of certain elements and compounds used in electronics components and parts. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) technology has emerged as an effective .. read more

Confidence in Your Environmental Compliance

Companies are refining their processes to better ensure their compliance with environmental regulations evolving around the world. These processes reflect internal use models and collaborative .. read more

Next Generation Pb-free Immersion Finishes,Methodologies used to Determine Coating Thickness and the Impact of Thickness Variations and Rework on Soldering

The next generation of surface finish coatings to replace HASL are now being installed by various PWB manufacturers and have been implemented by many OEMs. Coating thickness requirements are p .. read more

What to Look for From Your Board Supplier When Changing to an Alternate Surface Finish to HASL

Over the last five to eight years the use of HASL alternatives by the OEM’s and CM’s has increased dramatically,particularly in response to increasing board density and the need for a solderabl .. read more