Knowledge Hub

Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community

Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.

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Stencil Printing Process Tools for Miniaturisation and High Yield Processing

The SMT print process is now very mature and well understood. However as consumers continually push for new electronic products,with increased functionality and smaller form factor,the boundari .. read more

PCB Trace Impedance: Impact of Localized PCB Copper Density

Trace impedances are specified and controlled on PCBs as their nominal impedance value and variations are key factors in establishing system I/O bus performance. PCB trace impedances are evalua .. read more

A Study of PCB Insertion Loss Variation in Manufacturing Using a New Low Cost Metrology

Signal integrity analysis has shown that printed circuit board (PCB) insertion loss is a key factor affecting high speed channel performance. Determining and controlling PCB insertion loss have .. read more

TDI Imaging: An Efficient AOI and AXI Tool

As a result of heightened requirements for quality,integrity and reliability of electronic products,the role of wafer auditing and nondestructive testing of printed circuit boards and electroni .. read more

Analysis of Optical Inspection from AOI and AVI machines

In PCB industry,Optical Inspection has been grown rapidly in past decades. It is now playing an important role in manufacturing process. Most manufacturers are now using AOI machines to report .. read more

Component Misplacement Prevention on the ICOS Tape & Reel process using TRIZ & Lean

The paper discusses on the problems faced by the Assembly,Test Manufacturing (ATM) plants of Intel Corporation for a certain Tape and Reel Process. The problem is generic across the other siste .. read more

Minimizing Voiding In QFN Packages Using Solder Preforms

According to Prismark Partners,the use of QFNs is growing faster than any package type except for flip-chip CSPs. Prismark projects that by 2013,32.6 billion QFNs will be assembled worldwide,wh .. read more

Inclusion Voiding in Gull Wing Solder Joints

Solder voiding in ball grid array (BGA) solder joints has been well characterized and documented in IPC-A-610 and IPC- 7095 which define industry recommended BGA solder workmanship criteria and .. read more

Void Detection in Large Solder Joints of Integrated Power Electronics

• Inspection of integrated power electronics = sophisticated test task • X-ray inspection based on 2D / 2.5D principles not utilisable • Full 3D inspection with adapted image capturing and reco .. read more

Evaluation of Laminates in Pb-free HASL Process and Pb-free Assembly Environment

An evaluation of four FR4 laminates in commonly used stack-ups was done to determine their survivability for the Pb-free HASL process followed by a worst case Pb-free manufacturing environment .. read more

A Novel Material for High Layer Count and High Reliability Printed Circuit Boards

Over the past few years a new family of laminate systems has been developed to face the increasing physical demands of withstanding Pb-free soldering processes used in the assembly of RoHS comp .. read more

Polyphenylene Ether Macromonomers. XI. Use in Non-Epoxy Printed Wiring Boards

The continuous progression toward portable,high frequency microelectronic systems has placed high demands on material performance,notably low dielectric constants (Dk),low loss tangent (Df),low .. read more

The Morphology Evolution and Voiding of Solder Joints on QFN Central Pads with a Ni/Au Finish

In this paper,we report on a comprehensive study regarding the morphology evolution and voiding of SnAgCu solder joints on the central pad of two different packages – QFN and an Agilent package .. read more

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Intermetallic Layer in Solder Joints

While it has long been known that the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic that plays a critical role in the reliability of solder joints made with tin-containing alloys on copper substrates exists in two diff .. read more

No-Clean Flux Residue and Underfill Compatibility Effects on Electrical Reliability

No-clean soldering processes dominate the commercial electronics manufacturing world. With the explosion of growth in handheld electronics devices,manufacturers have been forced to look for way .. read more

VOC-free Flux Study Not All WOA (Weak Organic Acids) Are the Same

In an effort to reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions within our environment,policymakers have encouraged and/or mandated that electronics manufacturers change from alcohol-based VOC .. read more

Application Of Build-in Self Test In Functional Test Of DSL

1. What is BIST 2. What is DSL 3. DSL test items 4. Digital & Analog DSL test 5. BIST on DSL 6. Comparison & Benefits .. read more

Boundary Scan Advanced Diagnostic Methods

Boundary-scan (1149.1) technology was originally developed to provide a far easier method to perform digital DC testing to detect intra-IC interconnect assembly faults,such as solder shorts and .. read more

Cleaning in an HDI World

For many years there has been a huge disconnect between the engineers that design the assembly and the chemists responsible for developing the assembly materials. In short,engineers and chemist .. read more

Precision Cleaning in 21st Century: New Solvent with Low Global Warming Potential

As we progress in the 21st century,electronics manufacturing will need more and more precision. Parts will get more complex since more components have to be assembled in smaller spaces. Circuit .. read more

PWB Stress Testing Correlation: Accelerated vs. Application – “The Round Robin Begins”

Round Robin Reliability Evaluation “Revival” Proposal 1.TR-579 2.IST( IPC-9151/TM 2.6.26) 3.HATS (IPC-9151) 4.CITC(EIT) 5.TS(TM650-2.6.7.2B,MIL31032/1C) 6. Application(Odometer ) .. read more

Revolutionary Technique for Preparing Microvia Microsections of Printed Circuit Boards

We describe the design of a novel test structure,to which we have given the name “HD”,that will facilitate the evaluation of blind and buried microvias in printed circuit boards,in comparison w .. read more

Must Defluxers Follow SCAQMD Rules Throughout the U.S.? Productive Progress

What We Achieved: Current Proposed OTC Model Rule Modifications • Vapor degreasing exempted from 25 g/L limit – NESHAP-like equipment & controls • 150 g/L VOC maximum for electronics assemblies .. read more

High Melting Lead-Free Mixed Biagx Solder Paste System

Although lead-free soldering has been main stream in the industry since 2006,with the replacement of eutectic SnPb system by the Sn/Ag/Cu system,the development of drop-in lead-free alternative .. read more

An Investigation into Low Temperature Tin-Bismuth and Tin-Bismuth-Silver Lead-Free Alloy Solder Pastes for Electronics Manufacturing Applications

The electronics industry has mainly adopted the higher melting point Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder alloys for lead-free reflow soldering applications. For applications where temperature sensitive component .. read more

Assembly Challenges of Bottom Terminated Components

Bottom terminated component (BTC) assembly has rapidly increased in recent years. This type of package is attractive due to its low cost and good functional performance (improved signal speeds .. read more

Pb-Free Selective Wave Solder Guidelines for Thermally Challenging PCBs

As the use of lead-free alloys has increased in electronic assemblies,much work has been done to develop Design for Manufacturability (DFM) guidelines for the new materials. However,there are s .. read more

Hot nitrogen for wave soldering

- Hot nitrogen technology for local inerting system of wave soldering machines has proved to give significant advantages with Tin Lead or Lead free solders: - Better heat transfer on the PCBs,e .. read more

Step Stress Testing of Solid Tantalum Capacitors

Solid tantalum capacitors were introduced to the market more than five decades ago and continue to be widely used. Reliability issues arise when tantalum capacitors are exposed to excessive the .. read more

Flip Chip Package Qualification of RF-IC Packages

Quad Flat Pack No Leads (QFNs) are thermally enhanced plastic packages that use conventional copper leadframe with wire bonded interconnects. . These leadless components provide an advanced pac .. read more

Stencil Printing Process Tools for Miniaturisation and High Yield Processing

The SMT print process is now very mature and well understood. However as consumers continually push for new electronic products,with increased functionality and smaller form factor,the boundari .. read more

PCB Trace Impedance: Impact of Localized PCB Copper Density

Trace impedances are specified and controlled on PCBs as their nominal impedance value and variations are key factors in establishing system I/O bus performance. PCB trace impedances are evalua .. read more

A Study of PCB Insertion Loss Variation in Manufacturing Using a New Low Cost Metrology

Signal integrity analysis has shown that printed circuit board (PCB) insertion loss is a key factor affecting high speed channel performance. Determining and controlling PCB insertion loss have .. read more

TDI Imaging: An Efficient AOI and AXI Tool

As a result of heightened requirements for quality,integrity and reliability of electronic products,the role of wafer auditing and nondestructive testing of printed circuit boards and electroni .. read more

Analysis of Optical Inspection from AOI and AVI machines

In PCB industry,Optical Inspection has been grown rapidly in past decades. It is now playing an important role in manufacturing process. Most manufacturers are now using AOI machines to report .. read more

Component Misplacement Prevention on the ICOS Tape & Reel process using TRIZ & Lean

The paper discusses on the problems faced by the Assembly,Test Manufacturing (ATM) plants of Intel Corporation for a certain Tape and Reel Process. The problem is generic across the other siste .. read more

Minimizing Voiding In QFN Packages Using Solder Preforms

According to Prismark Partners,the use of QFNs is growing faster than any package type except for flip-chip CSPs. Prismark projects that by 2013,32.6 billion QFNs will be assembled worldwide,wh .. read more

Inclusion Voiding in Gull Wing Solder Joints

Solder voiding in ball grid array (BGA) solder joints has been well characterized and documented in IPC-A-610 and IPC- 7095 which define industry recommended BGA solder workmanship criteria and .. read more

Void Detection in Large Solder Joints of Integrated Power Electronics

• Inspection of integrated power electronics = sophisticated test task • X-ray inspection based on 2D / 2.5D principles not utilisable • Full 3D inspection with adapted image capturing and reco .. read more

Evaluation of Laminates in Pb-free HASL Process and Pb-free Assembly Environment

An evaluation of four FR4 laminates in commonly used stack-ups was done to determine their survivability for the Pb-free HASL process followed by a worst case Pb-free manufacturing environment .. read more

A Novel Material for High Layer Count and High Reliability Printed Circuit Boards

Over the past few years a new family of laminate systems has been developed to face the increasing physical demands of withstanding Pb-free soldering processes used in the assembly of RoHS comp .. read more

Polyphenylene Ether Macromonomers. XI. Use in Non-Epoxy Printed Wiring Boards

The continuous progression toward portable,high frequency microelectronic systems has placed high demands on material performance,notably low dielectric constants (Dk),low loss tangent (Df),low .. read more

The Morphology Evolution and Voiding of Solder Joints on QFN Central Pads with a Ni/Au Finish

In this paper,we report on a comprehensive study regarding the morphology evolution and voiding of SnAgCu solder joints on the central pad of two different packages – QFN and an Agilent package .. read more

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Intermetallic Layer in Solder Joints

While it has long been known that the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic that plays a critical role in the reliability of solder joints made with tin-containing alloys on copper substrates exists in two diff .. read more

No-Clean Flux Residue and Underfill Compatibility Effects on Electrical Reliability

No-clean soldering processes dominate the commercial electronics manufacturing world. With the explosion of growth in handheld electronics devices,manufacturers have been forced to look for way .. read more

VOC-free Flux Study Not All WOA (Weak Organic Acids) Are the Same

In an effort to reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions within our environment,policymakers have encouraged and/or mandated that electronics manufacturers change from alcohol-based VOC .. read more

Application Of Build-in Self Test In Functional Test Of DSL

1. What is BIST 2. What is DSL 3. DSL test items 4. Digital & Analog DSL test 5. BIST on DSL 6. Comparison & Benefits .. read more

Boundary Scan Advanced Diagnostic Methods

Boundary-scan (1149.1) technology was originally developed to provide a far easier method to perform digital DC testing to detect intra-IC interconnect assembly faults,such as solder shorts and .. read more

Cleaning in an HDI World

For many years there has been a huge disconnect between the engineers that design the assembly and the chemists responsible for developing the assembly materials. In short,engineers and chemist .. read more

Precision Cleaning in 21st Century: New Solvent with Low Global Warming Potential

As we progress in the 21st century,electronics manufacturing will need more and more precision. Parts will get more complex since more components have to be assembled in smaller spaces. Circuit .. read more

PWB Stress Testing Correlation: Accelerated vs. Application – “The Round Robin Begins”

Round Robin Reliability Evaluation “Revival” Proposal 1.TR-579 2.IST( IPC-9151/TM 2.6.26) 3.HATS (IPC-9151) 4.CITC(EIT) 5.TS(TM650-2.6.7.2B,MIL31032/1C) 6. Application(Odometer ) .. read more

Revolutionary Technique for Preparing Microvia Microsections of Printed Circuit Boards

We describe the design of a novel test structure,to which we have given the name “HD”,that will facilitate the evaluation of blind and buried microvias in printed circuit boards,in comparison w .. read more

Must Defluxers Follow SCAQMD Rules Throughout the U.S.? Productive Progress

What We Achieved: Current Proposed OTC Model Rule Modifications • Vapor degreasing exempted from 25 g/L limit – NESHAP-like equipment & controls • 150 g/L VOC maximum for electronics assemblies .. read more

High Melting Lead-Free Mixed Biagx Solder Paste System

Although lead-free soldering has been main stream in the industry since 2006,with the replacement of eutectic SnPb system by the Sn/Ag/Cu system,the development of drop-in lead-free alternative .. read more

An Investigation into Low Temperature Tin-Bismuth and Tin-Bismuth-Silver Lead-Free Alloy Solder Pastes for Electronics Manufacturing Applications

The electronics industry has mainly adopted the higher melting point Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder alloys for lead-free reflow soldering applications. For applications where temperature sensitive component .. read more

Assembly Challenges of Bottom Terminated Components

Bottom terminated component (BTC) assembly has rapidly increased in recent years. This type of package is attractive due to its low cost and good functional performance (improved signal speeds .. read more

Pb-Free Selective Wave Solder Guidelines for Thermally Challenging PCBs

As the use of lead-free alloys has increased in electronic assemblies,much work has been done to develop Design for Manufacturability (DFM) guidelines for the new materials. However,there are s .. read more

Hot nitrogen for wave soldering

- Hot nitrogen technology for local inerting system of wave soldering machines has proved to give significant advantages with Tin Lead or Lead free solders: - Better heat transfer on the PCBs,e .. read more

Step Stress Testing of Solid Tantalum Capacitors

Solid tantalum capacitors were introduced to the market more than five decades ago and continue to be widely used. Reliability issues arise when tantalum capacitors are exposed to excessive the .. read more

Flip Chip Package Qualification of RF-IC Packages

Quad Flat Pack No Leads (QFNs) are thermally enhanced plastic packages that use conventional copper leadframe with wire bonded interconnects. . These leadless components provide an advanced pac .. read more