Knowledge Hub

Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community

Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.

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Drop Test Performance of A Medium Complexity Lead-Free Board After Assembly and Rework

The mechanical behavior of printed circuit assemblies (PCA) at high strain rates is very important for the reliability of products used in harsh environments. The transition to Pb-free material .. read more

Pad Cratering Evaluation of PCB

Pad cratering in the PCB is a new failure mode encountered in electronic assemblies,particularly in lead-free products. The failure mechanisms and root causes are not yet fully understood,and l .. read more

Effect of Environmental Stress and Bias Conditions on Reliability of Embedded Planar Capacitors

The reliability of an embedded planar capacitor laminate under a variety of environmental stress and bias conditions was investigated. The dielectric consisted of a composite of BaTiO3 particle .. read more

Basic PCB Level Assembly Process Methodology for 3D Package-on-Package

The motivation for developing higher density IC packaging continues to be the market and the consumers’ expectation that each new generation of products furnish greater functionality. The minia .. read more

Throughput vs. Wet-Out Area Study for Package on Package (PoP) Underfill Dispensing

Package on Package (PoP) has become a relatively common component being used in mobile electronics as it allows for saving space in the board layout due to the 3D package layout. To insure devi .. read more

Reliability Evaluation of One-Pass and Two-Pass Techniques of Assembly for Package on Packages under Torsion Loads

Package on Packages (PoP) find use in applications that require high performance with increased memory density. One of the greatest benefits of PoP technology is the elimination of the expensiv .. read more

Progress in Developing Industry Standard Test Requirements for Pb-Free Solder Alloys

Recently,the industry has seen the development of a wide range of new Pb-free alloys. A significant element of uncertainty within the industry regarding these new alloys is the lack of defined .. read more

Characterizing the Lead-Free Impact on PCB Pad Craters

Pad cratering in Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) is typically associated with lead-free products. This paper addresses laminate materials and the failures associated with the higher Pb-Free reflo .. read more

Challenges in Reflow Profiling Large and High Density Ball Grid Array (BGA) Packages Using Backward Compatible Assembly Processes

Backward Compatibility of Pb free SnAgCu (SAC) solders with conventional SnPb soldering has been a subject of considerable interest since the introduction of Pb free solders earlier in this dec .. read more

Solder Creep-Fatigue Model Parameters for SAC & Snag Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability Estimation

For many of the Pb-free solders required under the European RoHS directive,there is now sufficient information,primarily in the form of the results of accelerated thermal cycling of various lev .. read more

Constitutive and Failure Behavior of SnAgCu Solder Joints

Constitutive and failure descriptions of SnAgCu solder alloys are of great interest at the present. Commonly,constitutive models that have been successfully used in the past for Sn-Pb solders a .. read more

Filling in the Gaps in Lead-Free Reliability Modeling and Testing

This presentation discusses critical material properties and test data that are often overlooked in the introduction of new lead-free solder alloys,but are critical to alloy comparison and the .. read more

Suspect / Counterfeit Electronic Components and Risk Mitigation

In this presentation,numerous examples of counterfeited parts are provided along with the means of identification for the respective technique utilized in production. .. read more

The Impact of Converting Flex Circuits From HASL to a RoHS Compliant Surface Finishes

This paper will explore the most common alternatives to hot air-leveled solder (HASL) as a finish for flex circuits and some of the issues one may want to be aware of when converting. Whether t .. read more

Design Considerations for High Reliability PCB

- History & Importance of PCB - Environmental Initiatives - Reliability Consideration With High Temp Processing - Reliability Considerations for Materials to withstand Lead-Free Assembly .. read more

Pb-Free Reflow,PCB Degradation,and the Influence of Moisture Absorption

Cracking and delamination defects in printed circuit boards (PCBs) during elevated thermal exposure have always been a concern for the electronics industry. However,with the increasing spread o .. read more

Proposed Standardizations of Lead Free Alloy Testing

Although lead free assembly is now widely adopted the industry is still exploring a variety of options for lead free alloys. Attempts to standardize on a single alloy for either reflow or wave .. read more

IPC Solder Products Value Council (SPVC) Lead-Free Technical Subcommittee Report: Take Action Limits (TAL) for SAC305 Lead Free Automated Soldering...

At present there are a large number of materials that have been proposed as replacements for lead containing solder for reflow and wave and selective soldering. Unlike solder paste in a reflow .. read more

Vibration and Mechanical Shock Testing

Little data has been generated on the performance of lead-free solders under vibration and mechanical shock. What data exists suggests that lead-free solders may be less reliable than eutectic .. read more

Implementing Quality and Reliability on the Assembly Line

Many will look to IPC standards for advice or workmanship requirements for electronic assemblies. Some will find a copy of IPC-A-610 Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies and stop there. But I .. read more

High Performance Work Teams in EMS The Critical Difference

This presentation attempts to convince the reader that while all the logistical,equipment,financial and process aspects of any business are important,the high performance work team is the criti .. read more

Manufacturing Quality Issues from the EMS Perspective

As more electronic assembly moves from OEM to EMS providers,a number of key issues arise in the overall value stream of production. This presentation will provide a comprehensive look at qualit .. read more

Microvia Reliability Failure Modes

Recent increases in assembly temperatures in response to removing lead from solder used in printed circuit boards (PCBs) assembly has increase the strain and stress on interconnect structures. .. read more

Bare Board Material Performance after Pb-free Reflow

This presentation will review the findings of a HDPUG consortia effort to evaluate 29 different bare board material and stack-up combinations and their associated performance after 6X Pb-free r .. read more

Water Vapor Uptake and Release in Printed Boards

Excessive moisture entrapped/absorbed within printed board laminates can expand during soldering operations,causing delamination or other damage. While moisture absorption data is available for .. read more

Why Electroless Palladium: Study on Impact of Electroless Palladium on Electroless Nickel Deposits

Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) has captured the major share of the lead free final finish market globally even though it’s not the least expensive. ENIG not only provides a robust met .. read more

A Study of Solder Optimization Development for Portable Electronic Device

With increasing use of portable appliances such as PDA and cellular phone,changing environment of application requires higher solder joint reliability. The Cu-OSP process has been widely used f .. read more

The Role of the Interfacial Intermetallic in Lead-Free Solder

The formation during the soldering process of the layer of intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5 at the solder substrate interface provides the essential evidence that a metallurgical bond that is the .. read more

Drop Test Performance of A Medium Complexity Lead-Free Board After Assembly and Rework

The mechanical behavior of printed circuit assemblies (PCA) at high strain rates is very important for the reliability of products used in harsh environments. The transition to Pb-free material .. read more

Pad Cratering Evaluation of PCB

Pad cratering in the PCB is a new failure mode encountered in electronic assemblies,particularly in lead-free products. The failure mechanisms and root causes are not yet fully understood,and l .. read more

Effect of Environmental Stress and Bias Conditions on Reliability of Embedded Planar Capacitors

The reliability of an embedded planar capacitor laminate under a variety of environmental stress and bias conditions was investigated. The dielectric consisted of a composite of BaTiO3 particle .. read more

Basic PCB Level Assembly Process Methodology for 3D Package-on-Package

The motivation for developing higher density IC packaging continues to be the market and the consumers’ expectation that each new generation of products furnish greater functionality. The minia .. read more

Throughput vs. Wet-Out Area Study for Package on Package (PoP) Underfill Dispensing

Package on Package (PoP) has become a relatively common component being used in mobile electronics as it allows for saving space in the board layout due to the 3D package layout. To insure devi .. read more

Reliability Evaluation of One-Pass and Two-Pass Techniques of Assembly for Package on Packages under Torsion Loads

Package on Packages (PoP) find use in applications that require high performance with increased memory density. One of the greatest benefits of PoP technology is the elimination of the expensiv .. read more

Progress in Developing Industry Standard Test Requirements for Pb-Free Solder Alloys

Recently,the industry has seen the development of a wide range of new Pb-free alloys. A significant element of uncertainty within the industry regarding these new alloys is the lack of defined .. read more

Characterizing the Lead-Free Impact on PCB Pad Craters

Pad cratering in Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) is typically associated with lead-free products. This paper addresses laminate materials and the failures associated with the higher Pb-Free reflo .. read more

Challenges in Reflow Profiling Large and High Density Ball Grid Array (BGA) Packages Using Backward Compatible Assembly Processes

Backward Compatibility of Pb free SnAgCu (SAC) solders with conventional SnPb soldering has been a subject of considerable interest since the introduction of Pb free solders earlier in this dec .. read more

Solder Creep-Fatigue Model Parameters for SAC & Snag Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability Estimation

For many of the Pb-free solders required under the European RoHS directive,there is now sufficient information,primarily in the form of the results of accelerated thermal cycling of various lev .. read more

Constitutive and Failure Behavior of SnAgCu Solder Joints

Constitutive and failure descriptions of SnAgCu solder alloys are of great interest at the present. Commonly,constitutive models that have been successfully used in the past for Sn-Pb solders a .. read more

Filling in the Gaps in Lead-Free Reliability Modeling and Testing

This presentation discusses critical material properties and test data that are often overlooked in the introduction of new lead-free solder alloys,but are critical to alloy comparison and the .. read more

Suspect / Counterfeit Electronic Components and Risk Mitigation

In this presentation,numerous examples of counterfeited parts are provided along with the means of identification for the respective technique utilized in production. .. read more

The Impact of Converting Flex Circuits From HASL to a RoHS Compliant Surface Finishes

This paper will explore the most common alternatives to hot air-leveled solder (HASL) as a finish for flex circuits and some of the issues one may want to be aware of when converting. Whether t .. read more

Design Considerations for High Reliability PCB

- History & Importance of PCB - Environmental Initiatives - Reliability Consideration With High Temp Processing - Reliability Considerations for Materials to withstand Lead-Free Assembly .. read more

Pb-Free Reflow,PCB Degradation,and the Influence of Moisture Absorption

Cracking and delamination defects in printed circuit boards (PCBs) during elevated thermal exposure have always been a concern for the electronics industry. However,with the increasing spread o .. read more

Proposed Standardizations of Lead Free Alloy Testing

Although lead free assembly is now widely adopted the industry is still exploring a variety of options for lead free alloys. Attempts to standardize on a single alloy for either reflow or wave .. read more

IPC Solder Products Value Council (SPVC) Lead-Free Technical Subcommittee Report: Take Action Limits (TAL) for SAC305 Lead Free Automated Soldering...

At present there are a large number of materials that have been proposed as replacements for lead containing solder for reflow and wave and selective soldering. Unlike solder paste in a reflow .. read more

Vibration and Mechanical Shock Testing

Little data has been generated on the performance of lead-free solders under vibration and mechanical shock. What data exists suggests that lead-free solders may be less reliable than eutectic .. read more

Implementing Quality and Reliability on the Assembly Line

Many will look to IPC standards for advice or workmanship requirements for electronic assemblies. Some will find a copy of IPC-A-610 Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies and stop there. But I .. read more

High Performance Work Teams in EMS The Critical Difference

This presentation attempts to convince the reader that while all the logistical,equipment,financial and process aspects of any business are important,the high performance work team is the criti .. read more

Manufacturing Quality Issues from the EMS Perspective

As more electronic assembly moves from OEM to EMS providers,a number of key issues arise in the overall value stream of production. This presentation will provide a comprehensive look at qualit .. read more

Microvia Reliability Failure Modes

Recent increases in assembly temperatures in response to removing lead from solder used in printed circuit boards (PCBs) assembly has increase the strain and stress on interconnect structures. .. read more

Bare Board Material Performance after Pb-free Reflow

This presentation will review the findings of a HDPUG consortia effort to evaluate 29 different bare board material and stack-up combinations and their associated performance after 6X Pb-free r .. read more

Water Vapor Uptake and Release in Printed Boards

Excessive moisture entrapped/absorbed within printed board laminates can expand during soldering operations,causing delamination or other damage. While moisture absorption data is available for .. read more

Why Electroless Palladium: Study on Impact of Electroless Palladium on Electroless Nickel Deposits

Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) has captured the major share of the lead free final finish market globally even though it’s not the least expensive. ENIG not only provides a robust met .. read more

A Study of Solder Optimization Development for Portable Electronic Device

With increasing use of portable appliances such as PDA and cellular phone,changing environment of application requires higher solder joint reliability. The Cu-OSP process has been widely used f .. read more

The Role of the Interfacial Intermetallic in Lead-Free Solder

The formation during the soldering process of the layer of intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5 at the solder substrate interface provides the essential evidence that a metallurgical bond that is the .. read more