Knowledge Hub

Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community

Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.

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Avoiding the Solder Void

Solder voiding is present in the majority solder joints and is generally accepted when the voids are small and the total void content is minimal. X-ray methods are the predominate method for so .. read more

Printing and Profiling Fine Feature Devices

To characterize the paste printing process,both the individual aspects of the process and the interactions between the aspects must be understood. The main aspects of the printing process are p .. read more

Board Level Manufacturability and Reliability Assessment of 0.5 mm Wafer Level CSP with Over-Sized Balls

The endless quest for increased performance in less space has recently manifested itself in 0.5mm pitch Chip Scale Packages (CSP). The footprints of these packages are only about half the size .. read more

Capabilities of Tools Used to Measure Voids to Industry Standards

It is stated that some degree of voiding is acceptable and inevitable when soldering electronic components,and specifically BGAs. There have been many publications which discuss this phenomena, .. read more

Use of Underfill to Enhance the Thermal Cycling Reliability of Small BGAs

In this work,we have evaluated the use of underfill to enhance the reliability of small BGAs in the automotive thermal cycling environment. Best parameters for underfilling of BGAs were develop .. read more

Method for Determining the Adhesion of Reflow Encapsulant Attached Components

A simple and cost effective method has been developed in order to test adhesion of components to a circuit board via a reflow encapsulant. Originally,a mechanical shock test similar to current .. read more

Key Application Issues for Implementing Package-Applied Underfill

Applying underfill materials to the bottom of components prior to shipping to the 2nd level end-user is very desirable in that it would eliminate the underfill process from the end-users assemb .. read more

A Novel Epoxy Flux for Lead-Free Soldering

A novel liquid halide-free PK-002,epoxy flux,is reported for SnAgCu soldering,where the thermally cured flux residue is designed to provide an interference-free service performance,in addition .. read more

Cleaning For Tomorrow

As technologies evolve with the onset of smaller and smaller components,different flux residues,and the no-lead solders,manufacturing companies are asking questions regarding what they need to .. read more

Novel,VOC-Compliant Aqueous Cleaning Agents for Post-Solder Defluxing

To meet today’s environmental demands,new VOC-free and low-VOC cleaning agents have been formulated that exhibit outstanding cleaning performance for a variety of flux residues. The new cleanin .. read more

Innovations using Ethyl Nonafluorobutyl Ether Provide Superior Solvent Properties for Defluxing No-Clean and Microelectronic Assemblies

The evaluation of a new solvent blend to clean printed wire boards is reported. Ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether (HFE- 7200) provides the fluid dynamics to build engineered cleaning fluids that exhi .. read more

Can One Effectively Clean Under Low Stand off Components (<4 MIL or 0.004 Inches)?

With the ban of CFC’s,various cleaning processes have emerged and have been established as viable alternatives1,2,3. Several cleaning processes such as ultrasonic and spray in air batch and in- .. read more

OEM/EMS NPI Collaboration: Optimizing the Design and NPI Supply Chain to Improve Time-To-Volume Manufacturing

The outsourcing trend within the electronics industry continues to accelerate as OEMs focus their limited resources on core competencies that enhance shareholder value. This outsourcing trend i .. read more

EMS/OEM Interaction: Maximizing Benefit by Optimizing Communication

The relationship between the OEM and the EMS provider (Electronic Manufacturing Services) has evolved with the increase in outsourcing of manufacturing services. This has resulted in the conseq .. read more

Applying Automation to the NPI Process

With the increase in outsourcing activity throughout the electronics industry,OEM’s are turning to Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS) to provide quality quick turn prototypes and fast New .. read more

Integrated Forecasting Across Value Chain

The internet explosion of the 90’s created much hype around public exchanges that has never materialized. The current business environment of a multi-company value chain,alliances and partnersh .. read more

Automated Design Verification using DFM/DFT

In a low-volume,high-mix electronics manufacturing environment,the ability to delineate design concerns before a customer’s product goes to production is paramount. Design deficiencies or devia .. read more

AOI in EMS

As outsource to EMS,the requirement for Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) equipment changes as well. Due to the diversity of the business,EMS providers require equipment that can handle a myri .. read more

A Simpler Approach to Cost-Effective Solder Paste Testing

The increasing demand for portable electronic products has accelerated the quest for even greater miniaturization. At the current state of electronic production technology,volume and weight red .. read more

Study of Assembly Processes for Solder Flip Chips on FR-4 Substrates

Flip chip assembly is a key capability to enable product miniaturization. Our previous studies have investigated several flip chip interconnection types including anisotropic conductive film or .. read more

A Cost Effective Solution for Supporting Populated Circuit Boards during the Solder Paste Print Operation

Support tooling for circuit boards whose undersides are populated with electronic components is delicate,time consuming to setup,and relatively expensive. This is because support pins or dedica .. read more

Yield Prediction for Area Array Assemblies Using Monte Carlo Simulation

The advent of fine pitch area array components and the constant drive to reduce the cost of electronic products mandate the enhancement of manufacturing systems and assembly yields. In fine pit .. read more

Efficient Placement Performance Verification of Odd Form Assembly Equipment

One of the electronic assembly markets that has been emerging in recent years is the automation equipment associated with odd form component placement and final product assembly. As with insert .. read more

Oven Characterization Using Machine Quality Management (MQM) Tools

Stability and repeatability are imperative in any reflow oven today. If oven operation is not validated periodically,all subsequent profiles and adjustments are not reliable in finding or maint .. read more

Multi-Stage Flux Filtration in Reflow Ovens

Flux management methods for reflow soldering have been debated for years. Current data suggests that multi-stage filtration systems offer many benefits,particularly in dealing with the byproduc .. read more

The Importance of Cooling Rate in the Developing the Totally Controlled Reflow Process for Lead Free and Eutectic Tin Lead...

The impact cooling rates exert on the reflow process is identified. The trends in shear strength and the microstructural evolution of the solder joints are described. Lead free (Sn/3.5Ag/0.7Cu) .. read more

Board Finish Solderability with Sn-Ag-Cu

Lead-free soldering technology is still in its infancy with technical and cost issues posing major challenges for the industry. It is expected that soldering in a nitrogen atmosphere might over .. read more

Wetting of Fresh and Aged Immersion Tin and Silver Surface Finishes by Sn/Ag/Cu Solder

The wetting of alternative PCB surface finishes,including immersion silver (I-Ag) and immersion tin (I-Sn),by Sn/Ag/Cu solder and Sn/Pb solder,was studied in this work,along with electroless ni .. read more

High Phosphorus ENIG – Highest Resistance Against Corrosive Environment

Over the past years there has been consistent growth in the use of electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG) as a final finish. The finish is now frequently being used for PBGA,CSP,QFP and COB a .. read more

Recrystallization Principles Applied to Whisker Growth in Tin

Tin whiskers found in electroplated deposits are known to be single crystals which spontaneously grow. Thus whisker growth can be regarded as a grain growth phenomenon. In this paper we examine .. read more

Avoiding the Solder Void

Solder voiding is present in the majority solder joints and is generally accepted when the voids are small and the total void content is minimal. X-ray methods are the predominate method for so .. read more

Printing and Profiling Fine Feature Devices

To characterize the paste printing process,both the individual aspects of the process and the interactions between the aspects must be understood. The main aspects of the printing process are p .. read more

Board Level Manufacturability and Reliability Assessment of 0.5 mm Wafer Level CSP with Over-Sized Balls

The endless quest for increased performance in less space has recently manifested itself in 0.5mm pitch Chip Scale Packages (CSP). The footprints of these packages are only about half the size .. read more

Capabilities of Tools Used to Measure Voids to Industry Standards

It is stated that some degree of voiding is acceptable and inevitable when soldering electronic components,and specifically BGAs. There have been many publications which discuss this phenomena, .. read more

Use of Underfill to Enhance the Thermal Cycling Reliability of Small BGAs

In this work,we have evaluated the use of underfill to enhance the reliability of small BGAs in the automotive thermal cycling environment. Best parameters for underfilling of BGAs were develop .. read more

Method for Determining the Adhesion of Reflow Encapsulant Attached Components

A simple and cost effective method has been developed in order to test adhesion of components to a circuit board via a reflow encapsulant. Originally,a mechanical shock test similar to current .. read more

Key Application Issues for Implementing Package-Applied Underfill

Applying underfill materials to the bottom of components prior to shipping to the 2nd level end-user is very desirable in that it would eliminate the underfill process from the end-users assemb .. read more

A Novel Epoxy Flux for Lead-Free Soldering

A novel liquid halide-free PK-002,epoxy flux,is reported for SnAgCu soldering,where the thermally cured flux residue is designed to provide an interference-free service performance,in addition .. read more

Cleaning For Tomorrow

As technologies evolve with the onset of smaller and smaller components,different flux residues,and the no-lead solders,manufacturing companies are asking questions regarding what they need to .. read more

Novel,VOC-Compliant Aqueous Cleaning Agents for Post-Solder Defluxing

To meet today’s environmental demands,new VOC-free and low-VOC cleaning agents have been formulated that exhibit outstanding cleaning performance for a variety of flux residues. The new cleanin .. read more

Innovations using Ethyl Nonafluorobutyl Ether Provide Superior Solvent Properties for Defluxing No-Clean and Microelectronic Assemblies

The evaluation of a new solvent blend to clean printed wire boards is reported. Ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether (HFE- 7200) provides the fluid dynamics to build engineered cleaning fluids that exhi .. read more

Can One Effectively Clean Under Low Stand off Components (<4 MIL or 0.004 Inches)?

With the ban of CFC’s,various cleaning processes have emerged and have been established as viable alternatives1,2,3. Several cleaning processes such as ultrasonic and spray in air batch and in- .. read more

OEM/EMS NPI Collaboration: Optimizing the Design and NPI Supply Chain to Improve Time-To-Volume Manufacturing

The outsourcing trend within the electronics industry continues to accelerate as OEMs focus their limited resources on core competencies that enhance shareholder value. This outsourcing trend i .. read more

EMS/OEM Interaction: Maximizing Benefit by Optimizing Communication

The relationship between the OEM and the EMS provider (Electronic Manufacturing Services) has evolved with the increase in outsourcing of manufacturing services. This has resulted in the conseq .. read more

Applying Automation to the NPI Process

With the increase in outsourcing activity throughout the electronics industry,OEM’s are turning to Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS) to provide quality quick turn prototypes and fast New .. read more

Integrated Forecasting Across Value Chain

The internet explosion of the 90’s created much hype around public exchanges that has never materialized. The current business environment of a multi-company value chain,alliances and partnersh .. read more

Automated Design Verification using DFM/DFT

In a low-volume,high-mix electronics manufacturing environment,the ability to delineate design concerns before a customer’s product goes to production is paramount. Design deficiencies or devia .. read more

AOI in EMS

As outsource to EMS,the requirement for Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) equipment changes as well. Due to the diversity of the business,EMS providers require equipment that can handle a myri .. read more

A Simpler Approach to Cost-Effective Solder Paste Testing

The increasing demand for portable electronic products has accelerated the quest for even greater miniaturization. At the current state of electronic production technology,volume and weight red .. read more

Study of Assembly Processes for Solder Flip Chips on FR-4 Substrates

Flip chip assembly is a key capability to enable product miniaturization. Our previous studies have investigated several flip chip interconnection types including anisotropic conductive film or .. read more

A Cost Effective Solution for Supporting Populated Circuit Boards during the Solder Paste Print Operation

Support tooling for circuit boards whose undersides are populated with electronic components is delicate,time consuming to setup,and relatively expensive. This is because support pins or dedica .. read more

Yield Prediction for Area Array Assemblies Using Monte Carlo Simulation

The advent of fine pitch area array components and the constant drive to reduce the cost of electronic products mandate the enhancement of manufacturing systems and assembly yields. In fine pit .. read more

Efficient Placement Performance Verification of Odd Form Assembly Equipment

One of the electronic assembly markets that has been emerging in recent years is the automation equipment associated with odd form component placement and final product assembly. As with insert .. read more

Oven Characterization Using Machine Quality Management (MQM) Tools

Stability and repeatability are imperative in any reflow oven today. If oven operation is not validated periodically,all subsequent profiles and adjustments are not reliable in finding or maint .. read more

Multi-Stage Flux Filtration in Reflow Ovens

Flux management methods for reflow soldering have been debated for years. Current data suggests that multi-stage filtration systems offer many benefits,particularly in dealing with the byproduc .. read more

The Importance of Cooling Rate in the Developing the Totally Controlled Reflow Process for Lead Free and Eutectic Tin Lead...

The impact cooling rates exert on the reflow process is identified. The trends in shear strength and the microstructural evolution of the solder joints are described. Lead free (Sn/3.5Ag/0.7Cu) .. read more

Board Finish Solderability with Sn-Ag-Cu

Lead-free soldering technology is still in its infancy with technical and cost issues posing major challenges for the industry. It is expected that soldering in a nitrogen atmosphere might over .. read more

Wetting of Fresh and Aged Immersion Tin and Silver Surface Finishes by Sn/Ag/Cu Solder

The wetting of alternative PCB surface finishes,including immersion silver (I-Ag) and immersion tin (I-Sn),by Sn/Ag/Cu solder and Sn/Pb solder,was studied in this work,along with electroless ni .. read more

High Phosphorus ENIG – Highest Resistance Against Corrosive Environment

Over the past years there has been consistent growth in the use of electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG) as a final finish. The finish is now frequently being used for PBGA,CSP,QFP and COB a .. read more

Recrystallization Principles Applied to Whisker Growth in Tin

Tin whiskers found in electroplated deposits are known to be single crystals which spontaneously grow. Thus whisker growth can be regarded as a grain growth phenomenon. In this paper we examine .. read more