Knowledge Hub

Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community

Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.

Display

Requirements for Soldering Fluxes Research Using the B-53 Test Board

IPC J-STD-004B standard prescribes general requirements for the classification and testing of soldering flux for high qualify interconnections. This standard defines the classification of so .. read more

Analysis of Pull Force Test Results for Crimped Connections

Crimped electrical contact reliability is controlled through strict manufacturing processes and verifications, including pull force testing. Cable and wire harness assemblies’ standards prov .. read more

The Brave New World of PCB Design Validation – Cloud-Based DFM and Collaboration

Today’s electronics industry is grappling with increasing demand for more customized products, shorter development cycles, supply chain disruptions, and tighter margins. In the PCB manufactu .. read more

AI-Based Design for Manufacturing in Selective Wave Soldering

The soldering of THT components through solder waves is a thermal process. However, current design rules, guidelines and guideline catalogs do not map the soldering heat requirement of a sol .. read more

A Lower-Temperature Lead-Free Solder Paste for Wafer-Level Package Application that Outperforms SAC305

An In-containing mid-temperature solder paste (MTS) has been developed and successfully used in mobile phone board-stack soldering with a 200°C peak temperature profile [1]. It is now being .. read more

Energy Consumption Reduction Using Low-Temperature Solder Alloys

There has been increased interest in reducing energy consumption during SMT assembly over the past few years. Increasingly, the environmental, financial, and regulatory effects have been dem .. read more

Using Low CTE Materials to Manufacture Reliable Stacked Microvia Structures

In the last few years there have been concerns in the industry especially in the products requiring high reliability when using microvia structures. As a result many fabricators have been ma .. read more

High Density PCB Technology for High Reliability Applications Using Low CTE Material

The space- and other high reliability markets are continuously driven towards an increased use of deeply integrated electronics. The increasing demand for complexity and functionality result .. read more

Challenge: Sourcing ELIC Substrates in the U.S.

Every layer interconnect (ELIC) printed wiring boards (PWB) were sourced after D-coupon evaluation per IPC-TM-650 2.6.27B. U.S. and off-shore D-coupons were tested to assess reflow survivabi .. read more

Effect of Aging on BGA Solder Strengths & Thermal Cycles for Low Temperature Hybrid Assembly

This paper presents two key aspects of reliability of ball grid array (BGA) technologies: one aspect for high-reliability and the other for commercial applications. For high reliability, it .. read more

Selectively Assembling High Value Components Based on Warpage in Order to Improve Reliability

Increasingly larger surface mount components are being developed in today’s SMT industry. With increasing footprints, maintaining acceptable warpage levels through reflow and/or real-world u .. read more

Real-time X-ray Video Imaging of Pb-Free Solders Under Simulated SMT Reflow

Raytheon Missiles and Defense, formed a L-Lead (Pb) to LF-Lead-free focus group to understand the metallurgical and manufacturing challenges to transition to a “pure” Pb-free metallurgical s .. read more

Integrating Functional High-Speed Testing into the Structural Testing Process in Manufacturing

Mainstream manufacturing testing strategies involve structural tests including optical inspection, structural defect finding, such as opens, shorts, missing and catastrophically defective co .. read more

Security, Data Archiving and CI/CD for Quality Inspection in Manufacturing Using Edge Computing

In recent years, Neural-Network based deep learning models has demonstrated high accuracy in object detection and classification in digital image processing. Manufacturing industry has succe .. read more

An AI Method for Early Detection of Failures Caused by Corrosion on Components During Assembly - Correlated to Field Failure...

Corrosion is the most dominant failure mode in electronic products. In many cases, the failure seed is corrosion contamination already on the soldering leads before the assembly that propaga .. read more

High-Performance Phase Change Metal TIMs

For the last several years, we have seen an increase in liquid metal usage as a thermal interface material (TIM) in the semiconductor industry. The primary reason for this increase is that h .. read more

Critical Factors for Minimizing Interfacial Resistance in Thermal Interface Material Applications

Thermal interface material (TIM) is an integral part of thermal management strategies for electronic applications. TIM is commonly used in between a heat generating component (e.g. microelec .. read more

A Fully Additive Approach for High-Density Interconnect Printed Circuit Boards

High-density interconnect printed circuit boards (HDI PCBs) technology is evolving to enable further miniaturization and functionality of electronics like smartphones, tablet computers, and .. read more

Thermal Stress Reliability of Stacked Microvias Fabricated with a Liquid Metal Ink Semi-Additive Process

Latent reliability issues with stacked filled microvia designs for complex printed circuit boards fabricated using subtractive-etch processes have been well-documented in recent years. This .. read more

Chemical and Microscopic Analyses of Laser Microvia Samples

Critical failures were found on laser-drilled microvias on printed wiring boards (PWBs). The copper-filled vias and their corresponding copper landing pads are on the order of 100 microns in .. read more

Controlling Recrystallisation in Plated Layers Through the Use of Additives

This work compares the influence of a plating additive that has been applied to a commercially available electroless copper system and how its use impacts the morphology of the overall final .. read more

Reliability Impact of Frequent Power Cycles on Base Printed Wiring Boards High Density Packaging User Group (HDP)

The High Density Packaging (HDP) user group has completed a project to evaluate the impact on field reliability of more frequent thermal cycling over more narrow operating temperature ranges .. read more

Root Cause Analysis and Risk Assessment of a Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Flexural Crack Propagating Fault

Failure of a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) can occur because of design, manufacturing, mechanical, or electrochemical issues. A propagating fault is a severe failure mechanism in whi .. read more

Development of Low Loss Adhesive Film for Multilayer PTFE Substrate

Fluororesins such as PTFE, which have excellent low-dielectric properties, are used as substrates for high-capacity, high-speed transmission, and their application is increasingly promising .. read more

Hybrid Adhesion Enhancement Systems and its Quality Control for Low Loss PCB Inner Layer Bonding

The search for novel adhesion promoters (AP) for inner-layer bonding of printed circuit boards that meet the requirements of high-frequency applications is driving the surface treatment indu .. read more

A Microvia Damage Model

An electrical model of a thermally damaged microvia has been constructed incorporating observations from electrical test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy .. read more

High Resolution Physical Analyses of Microvia - Target Pad Interfaces

Open circuit failure in microvias is an important issue for critical device reliability yet remains poorly understood. Separations at the microvia-target pad interface caused by board-normal .. read more

Soft and Pliable Circuit Boards Made with a Novel Thermoset Polymer

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of remote healthcare for the well-being of society. On-body devices designed to detect vital signals, dispense medications, and p .. read more

Process Considerations for Defluxing Ultra-Fine Pitch Die on CoWs

Heterogeneous integration has become one of the most important approaches in the semiconductor technology world. The process nodes are constantly shrinking from 16nm to 5nm and lower, with C .. read more

Temperature Behavior of FR4 Substrates when Processing During Laser Depaneling

The use of modern laser systems for depaneling printed circuit boards can present many advantages as well as some challenges for the production engineer compared to conventional mechanical s .. read more

Requirements for Soldering Fluxes Research Using the B-53 Test Board

IPC J-STD-004B standard prescribes general requirements for the classification and testing of soldering flux for high qualify interconnections. This standard defines the classification of so .. read more

Analysis of Pull Force Test Results for Crimped Connections

Crimped electrical contact reliability is controlled through strict manufacturing processes and verifications, including pull force testing. Cable and wire harness assemblies’ standards prov .. read more

The Brave New World of PCB Design Validation – Cloud-Based DFM and Collaboration

Today’s electronics industry is grappling with increasing demand for more customized products, shorter development cycles, supply chain disruptions, and tighter margins. In the PCB manufactu .. read more

AI-Based Design for Manufacturing in Selective Wave Soldering

The soldering of THT components through solder waves is a thermal process. However, current design rules, guidelines and guideline catalogs do not map the soldering heat requirement of a sol .. read more

A Lower-Temperature Lead-Free Solder Paste for Wafer-Level Package Application that Outperforms SAC305

An In-containing mid-temperature solder paste (MTS) has been developed and successfully used in mobile phone board-stack soldering with a 200°C peak temperature profile [1]. It is now being .. read more

Energy Consumption Reduction Using Low-Temperature Solder Alloys

There has been increased interest in reducing energy consumption during SMT assembly over the past few years. Increasingly, the environmental, financial, and regulatory effects have been dem .. read more

Using Low CTE Materials to Manufacture Reliable Stacked Microvia Structures

In the last few years there have been concerns in the industry especially in the products requiring high reliability when using microvia structures. As a result many fabricators have been ma .. read more

High Density PCB Technology for High Reliability Applications Using Low CTE Material

The space- and other high reliability markets are continuously driven towards an increased use of deeply integrated electronics. The increasing demand for complexity and functionality result .. read more

Challenge: Sourcing ELIC Substrates in the U.S.

Every layer interconnect (ELIC) printed wiring boards (PWB) were sourced after D-coupon evaluation per IPC-TM-650 2.6.27B. U.S. and off-shore D-coupons were tested to assess reflow survivabi .. read more

Effect of Aging on BGA Solder Strengths & Thermal Cycles for Low Temperature Hybrid Assembly

This paper presents two key aspects of reliability of ball grid array (BGA) technologies: one aspect for high-reliability and the other for commercial applications. For high reliability, it .. read more

Selectively Assembling High Value Components Based on Warpage in Order to Improve Reliability

Increasingly larger surface mount components are being developed in today’s SMT industry. With increasing footprints, maintaining acceptable warpage levels through reflow and/or real-world u .. read more

Real-time X-ray Video Imaging of Pb-Free Solders Under Simulated SMT Reflow

Raytheon Missiles and Defense, formed a L-Lead (Pb) to LF-Lead-free focus group to understand the metallurgical and manufacturing challenges to transition to a “pure” Pb-free metallurgical s .. read more

Integrating Functional High-Speed Testing into the Structural Testing Process in Manufacturing

Mainstream manufacturing testing strategies involve structural tests including optical inspection, structural defect finding, such as opens, shorts, missing and catastrophically defective co .. read more

Security, Data Archiving and CI/CD for Quality Inspection in Manufacturing Using Edge Computing

In recent years, Neural-Network based deep learning models has demonstrated high accuracy in object detection and classification in digital image processing. Manufacturing industry has succe .. read more

An AI Method for Early Detection of Failures Caused by Corrosion on Components During Assembly - Correlated to Field Failure...

Corrosion is the most dominant failure mode in electronic products. In many cases, the failure seed is corrosion contamination already on the soldering leads before the assembly that propaga .. read more

High-Performance Phase Change Metal TIMs

For the last several years, we have seen an increase in liquid metal usage as a thermal interface material (TIM) in the semiconductor industry. The primary reason for this increase is that h .. read more

Critical Factors for Minimizing Interfacial Resistance in Thermal Interface Material Applications

Thermal interface material (TIM) is an integral part of thermal management strategies for electronic applications. TIM is commonly used in between a heat generating component (e.g. microelec .. read more

A Fully Additive Approach for High-Density Interconnect Printed Circuit Boards

High-density interconnect printed circuit boards (HDI PCBs) technology is evolving to enable further miniaturization and functionality of electronics like smartphones, tablet computers, and .. read more

Thermal Stress Reliability of Stacked Microvias Fabricated with a Liquid Metal Ink Semi-Additive Process

Latent reliability issues with stacked filled microvia designs for complex printed circuit boards fabricated using subtractive-etch processes have been well-documented in recent years. This .. read more

Chemical and Microscopic Analyses of Laser Microvia Samples

Critical failures were found on laser-drilled microvias on printed wiring boards (PWBs). The copper-filled vias and their corresponding copper landing pads are on the order of 100 microns in .. read more

Controlling Recrystallisation in Plated Layers Through the Use of Additives

This work compares the influence of a plating additive that has been applied to a commercially available electroless copper system and how its use impacts the morphology of the overall final .. read more

Reliability Impact of Frequent Power Cycles on Base Printed Wiring Boards High Density Packaging User Group (HDP)

The High Density Packaging (HDP) user group has completed a project to evaluate the impact on field reliability of more frequent thermal cycling over more narrow operating temperature ranges .. read more

Root Cause Analysis and Risk Assessment of a Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Flexural Crack Propagating Fault

Failure of a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) can occur because of design, manufacturing, mechanical, or electrochemical issues. A propagating fault is a severe failure mechanism in whi .. read more

Development of Low Loss Adhesive Film for Multilayer PTFE Substrate

Fluororesins such as PTFE, which have excellent low-dielectric properties, are used as substrates for high-capacity, high-speed transmission, and their application is increasingly promising .. read more

Hybrid Adhesion Enhancement Systems and its Quality Control for Low Loss PCB Inner Layer Bonding

The search for novel adhesion promoters (AP) for inner-layer bonding of printed circuit boards that meet the requirements of high-frequency applications is driving the surface treatment indu .. read more

A Microvia Damage Model

An electrical model of a thermally damaged microvia has been constructed incorporating observations from electrical test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy .. read more

High Resolution Physical Analyses of Microvia - Target Pad Interfaces

Open circuit failure in microvias is an important issue for critical device reliability yet remains poorly understood. Separations at the microvia-target pad interface caused by board-normal .. read more

Soft and Pliable Circuit Boards Made with a Novel Thermoset Polymer

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of remote healthcare for the well-being of society. On-body devices designed to detect vital signals, dispense medications, and p .. read more

Process Considerations for Defluxing Ultra-Fine Pitch Die on CoWs

Heterogeneous integration has become one of the most important approaches in the semiconductor technology world. The process nodes are constantly shrinking from 16nm to 5nm and lower, with C .. read more

Temperature Behavior of FR4 Substrates when Processing During Laser Depaneling

The use of modern laser systems for depaneling printed circuit boards can present many advantages as well as some challenges for the production engineer compared to conventional mechanical s .. read more