Knowledge Hub

Your Gateway to Technical Knowledge Exchange for the Global Electronics Community

Explore our database of industry knowledge that fuels innovation, learning, and professional growth. Knowledge Hub is a collection of conference technical papers, webinars, presentations, on-demand video and more. You can search by author, title, keyword and type of content. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to Knowledge Hub is reserved for members.

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Reliability and Failure Analysis of Lead-Free Solder Joints

This paper provides a comparison of the air-to-air thermal cyclic reliability and associated failure modes of second level interconnects in lead-free,1.27 mm pitch,256 I/O BGA devices with eute .. read more

Accelerating Plating Cycles and Reducing Costs: Improving the Plating of High Aspect Ratio Holes & Blind Vias

This paper describes a new technology for speeding the initiation and uniformity of electroplating deposits that does not depend on modifying the chemistry or physical environment of the platin .. read more

Advanced Laminate and Prepreg for PWBs with Embedded Components

The technology for embedding components in PWBs will change the process how PWB are fabricated over the next few years. At the present time,polymer thick film is the most frequently used materi .. read more

The Advanced NiAu-Process for Second Image Technology

Designs of new electronic products show a significant drive for smaller and more complex PWBs. This continuing trend of miniaturization affects components in the same way as for the connecting .. read more

Beyond Periodic Pulse Reverse

According to Michael Shernerof of Scientific American (Jan. 2002) technology has advanced more in the past one century than in the previous one hundred centuries. Yet it seems from a technical .. read more

Board Finishes for the EMS Provider

Some new alternative PWB surface finishes have been entering the industry over the past few years. In order for any new board surface finish to be accepted for general use,it must be approved b .. read more

Breaking the Information Bottleneck in Printed Circuit Board Engineering Teams: The Promise of New Software Innovation

This paper addresses the challenges of pre-production engineering,why the engineering department is viewed as a bottleneck in many PCB companies,and how a dedicated software system breaks the i .. read more

Component Damage from Printed Circuit Board Loading

Electronic components are being used in increasingly more severe shock environments. This combined with an industry trend of increased component reliability to help reduce electronic system dow .. read more

Conductive Anodic Filament Growth Failure

With increasing focus on reliability and miniaturized designs,Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) as failure mechanism is gaining a lot of attention. Smaller geometries make the printed circuit bo .. read more

Conductive Anodic Filament Resistant FR-4 Substrates

As the trend to increased interconnection density continues,conductive printed circuit board features become closer and closer together. It is now common to see 3 mil lines and spaces on local .. read more

Controlled Surface Etching Process for Fine Line/Space Circuits

The design rule of PWBs and substrates for plastic packages is moving towards higher density as semiconductor chip design evolves into increasingly finer lines. First,it was studied how fine th .. read more

Cost Effects of Pulse Plating Reversal Current

Direct Current plating in acid copper baths containing organic supplements shows us that during electrolysis,these organic additives are attracted by the copper anode and being adsorbed on its .. read more

Cost-Effective Laminate Materials Made by Continuous Lamination Using Thermosetting Polymer Alloys (TPA) for Microwave and High Speed Applications

Utilizing continuous lamination techniques,new materials are being developed to meet demanding market requirements. Laminates produced using Thermosetting Polymer Alloys (TPA) are cost effectiv .. read more

Defining Accelerated Test Requirements for PWBs: A Physics-Based Approach

Typically thermal cycle test requirements for printed wiring boards (PWBs) are somewhat arbitrarily established for a particular product. Many programs simply default to a standard test without .. read more

Design Considerations Affecting the Measured Capacitance of Embedded Singulated Capacitors

The physical placement of embedded singulated capacitors in relation to one another and to other board structures could have an impact on the measured capacitance of individual capacitors. For .. read more

Developmental Halogen-Free High Performance Dielectric Substrates (with Different Reinforcement Supports) for the PCB/HDI and High-Frequency Applications

This paper presents a comparison of several resin systems on different support reinforcements including on Thermount®1 (or NWA),E-Glass (or E),and NE-Glass2 (SITM) (or NE). The resin systems co .. read more

Digital Printing Systems for Printed Circuit Board Legends

The development of digital printing systems for printed circuit board legends (a.k.a. nomenclature,indent or letter screening) is a major technological leap. Legend marking on printed circuit b .. read more

Direct Laser Drillable Ultra Thin Copper Foils for Advanced PCB Manufacture

The demand for small packaging for portable electronic equipment and reduced chip form factor with higher interconnect fan-out,is driving printed circuit substrate technology rapidly forward. T .. read more

Dry Film Resist Stripping from Overplated Lines

The ideal outer layer has a uniform circuit height throughout the board. This is a challenge to produce with pattern plating,because the plated metal height depends on the current density,which .. read more

The Effect of Etch Taper,Prepreg and Resin Flow of the Value of the Differential Impedance

Many printed circuit board manufacturers report that the measured value of the differential impedance is a few ohms greater than the calculated value when the substrate is FR4. There may be sev .. read more

Electrically Mediated Pulse Reverse Copper Plating of Electronic Interconnects without Brighteners/Levelers

This paper describes a process for plating of interconnects for advanced electronic modules. In contrast to traditional chemical mediation of plating processes,this process is electrically medi .. read more

Electrochemical Migration Testing Results - Evaluating PWB Design,Manufacturing Process,and Laminate Material Impacts on CAF Resistance

Various requirements have developed for printed wiring boards regarding the minimum spacing between features. Creepage distances per UL-60950 call out 1.2mm for voltages up to 50v,and call out .. read more

Embedded Ceramic Resistors and Capacitors in PWB-Process and Design

Design and processing of ceramic resistors and capacitors fired onto copper foil and embedded into FR4 circuit boards are presented and discussed. Evolution of design guidelines and processing .. read more

Embedded Mezzanine Capacitor Technology for Printed Wiring Boards

A novel technology for embedding discrete capacitors in a mezzanine layer of an HDI PWB was developed and implemented by Motorola in partnership with its PWB supply chain. The technology is bas .. read more

Embedded Optical Fiber

The power attenuation of the optical fiber due to bends is investigated for the feasibility of the integration optical fiber into PCBs. .. read more

Embedded Passives Technology Implementation in RF Applications

Motorola has developed a suite of technologies for embedding resistors,inductors,and capacitors in HDI printed wiring boards. This paper describes the technology and presents a case study demon .. read more

Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Plated Via Reliability

This paper discusses two typical PTH failures – barrel cracking and post separation – induced by accelerated testing or observed during manufacturing. Finite element models have been developed .. read more

An FEA Study of Image Transfer in Printed Wiring Boards

A concern in the manufacture of laminate PWB’s is the transfer of interior circuit patterns to the surface of the board. This can lead to difficulties in forming the external circuitry. Typical .. read more

Full-Wave Electromagnetic Simulation of PWB Structures

Because high performance products are limited in speed by packaging and interconnections,signal integrity analysis and PWB simulation become nowadays very pressing and key issues. Taking into a .. read more

HID's Technology Influence on Signal Integrity

Highs Density Interconnects (HDI) printed circuits are now being designed in ever increasing quantities. HDI brings some interesting new solutions to age-old signal integrity (SI) concerns,and .. read more

Reliability and Failure Analysis of Lead-Free Solder Joints

This paper provides a comparison of the air-to-air thermal cyclic reliability and associated failure modes of second level interconnects in lead-free,1.27 mm pitch,256 I/O BGA devices with eute .. read more

Accelerating Plating Cycles and Reducing Costs: Improving the Plating of High Aspect Ratio Holes & Blind Vias

This paper describes a new technology for speeding the initiation and uniformity of electroplating deposits that does not depend on modifying the chemistry or physical environment of the platin .. read more

Advanced Laminate and Prepreg for PWBs with Embedded Components

The technology for embedding components in PWBs will change the process how PWB are fabricated over the next few years. At the present time,polymer thick film is the most frequently used materi .. read more

The Advanced NiAu-Process for Second Image Technology

Designs of new electronic products show a significant drive for smaller and more complex PWBs. This continuing trend of miniaturization affects components in the same way as for the connecting .. read more

Beyond Periodic Pulse Reverse

According to Michael Shernerof of Scientific American (Jan. 2002) technology has advanced more in the past one century than in the previous one hundred centuries. Yet it seems from a technical .. read more

Board Finishes for the EMS Provider

Some new alternative PWB surface finishes have been entering the industry over the past few years. In order for any new board surface finish to be accepted for general use,it must be approved b .. read more

Breaking the Information Bottleneck in Printed Circuit Board Engineering Teams: The Promise of New Software Innovation

This paper addresses the challenges of pre-production engineering,why the engineering department is viewed as a bottleneck in many PCB companies,and how a dedicated software system breaks the i .. read more

Component Damage from Printed Circuit Board Loading

Electronic components are being used in increasingly more severe shock environments. This combined with an industry trend of increased component reliability to help reduce electronic system dow .. read more

Conductive Anodic Filament Growth Failure

With increasing focus on reliability and miniaturized designs,Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) as failure mechanism is gaining a lot of attention. Smaller geometries make the printed circuit bo .. read more

Conductive Anodic Filament Resistant FR-4 Substrates

As the trend to increased interconnection density continues,conductive printed circuit board features become closer and closer together. It is now common to see 3 mil lines and spaces on local .. read more

Controlled Surface Etching Process for Fine Line/Space Circuits

The design rule of PWBs and substrates for plastic packages is moving towards higher density as semiconductor chip design evolves into increasingly finer lines. First,it was studied how fine th .. read more

Cost Effects of Pulse Plating Reversal Current

Direct Current plating in acid copper baths containing organic supplements shows us that during electrolysis,these organic additives are attracted by the copper anode and being adsorbed on its .. read more

Cost-Effective Laminate Materials Made by Continuous Lamination Using Thermosetting Polymer Alloys (TPA) for Microwave and High Speed Applications

Utilizing continuous lamination techniques,new materials are being developed to meet demanding market requirements. Laminates produced using Thermosetting Polymer Alloys (TPA) are cost effectiv .. read more

Defining Accelerated Test Requirements for PWBs: A Physics-Based Approach

Typically thermal cycle test requirements for printed wiring boards (PWBs) are somewhat arbitrarily established for a particular product. Many programs simply default to a standard test without .. read more

Design Considerations Affecting the Measured Capacitance of Embedded Singulated Capacitors

The physical placement of embedded singulated capacitors in relation to one another and to other board structures could have an impact on the measured capacitance of individual capacitors. For .. read more

Developmental Halogen-Free High Performance Dielectric Substrates (with Different Reinforcement Supports) for the PCB/HDI and High-Frequency Applications

This paper presents a comparison of several resin systems on different support reinforcements including on Thermount®1 (or NWA),E-Glass (or E),and NE-Glass2 (SITM) (or NE). The resin systems co .. read more

Digital Printing Systems for Printed Circuit Board Legends

The development of digital printing systems for printed circuit board legends (a.k.a. nomenclature,indent or letter screening) is a major technological leap. Legend marking on printed circuit b .. read more

Direct Laser Drillable Ultra Thin Copper Foils for Advanced PCB Manufacture

The demand for small packaging for portable electronic equipment and reduced chip form factor with higher interconnect fan-out,is driving printed circuit substrate technology rapidly forward. T .. read more

Dry Film Resist Stripping from Overplated Lines

The ideal outer layer has a uniform circuit height throughout the board. This is a challenge to produce with pattern plating,because the plated metal height depends on the current density,which .. read more

The Effect of Etch Taper,Prepreg and Resin Flow of the Value of the Differential Impedance

Many printed circuit board manufacturers report that the measured value of the differential impedance is a few ohms greater than the calculated value when the substrate is FR4. There may be sev .. read more

Electrically Mediated Pulse Reverse Copper Plating of Electronic Interconnects without Brighteners/Levelers

This paper describes a process for plating of interconnects for advanced electronic modules. In contrast to traditional chemical mediation of plating processes,this process is electrically medi .. read more

Electrochemical Migration Testing Results - Evaluating PWB Design,Manufacturing Process,and Laminate Material Impacts on CAF Resistance

Various requirements have developed for printed wiring boards regarding the minimum spacing between features. Creepage distances per UL-60950 call out 1.2mm for voltages up to 50v,and call out .. read more

Embedded Ceramic Resistors and Capacitors in PWB-Process and Design

Design and processing of ceramic resistors and capacitors fired onto copper foil and embedded into FR4 circuit boards are presented and discussed. Evolution of design guidelines and processing .. read more

Embedded Mezzanine Capacitor Technology for Printed Wiring Boards

A novel technology for embedding discrete capacitors in a mezzanine layer of an HDI PWB was developed and implemented by Motorola in partnership with its PWB supply chain. The technology is bas .. read more

Embedded Optical Fiber

The power attenuation of the optical fiber due to bends is investigated for the feasibility of the integration optical fiber into PCBs. .. read more

Embedded Passives Technology Implementation in RF Applications

Motorola has developed a suite of technologies for embedding resistors,inductors,and capacitors in HDI printed wiring boards. This paper describes the technology and presents a case study demon .. read more

Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Plated Via Reliability

This paper discusses two typical PTH failures – barrel cracking and post separation – induced by accelerated testing or observed during manufacturing. Finite element models have been developed .. read more

An FEA Study of Image Transfer in Printed Wiring Boards

A concern in the manufacture of laminate PWB’s is the transfer of interior circuit patterns to the surface of the board. This can lead to difficulties in forming the external circuitry. Typical .. read more

Full-Wave Electromagnetic Simulation of PWB Structures

Because high performance products are limited in speed by packaging and interconnections,signal integrity analysis and PWB simulation become nowadays very pressing and key issues. Taking into a .. read more

HID's Technology Influence on Signal Integrity

Highs Density Interconnects (HDI) printed circuits are now being designed in ever increasing quantities. HDI brings some interesting new solutions to age-old signal integrity (SI) concerns,and .. read more